What is anacron
Anacron is a computer program that performs periodic command scheduling which is traditionally done by cron, but without assuming that the system is running continuously. Thus, it can be used to control the execution of daily, weekly, and monthly jobs (or anything with a period of n days), on systems that don’t run 24 hours a day.Advantages
Most Unix systems are set up to run “housekeeping chores” such as log-rotation, unused files deletion, indexing local files for the search engine, etc. With cron, often these tasks are scheduled to be executed overnight or another low-usage time to avoid straining the system. If the system is turned off at the time a given task should have been run, it will not be executed for that iteration.In contrast, Anacron makes sure that these commands are run at the specified intervals as closely as machine uptime permits.
Drawbacks
Only the system administrator can configure anacron tasks. In contrast, cron allows non-admin users to configure scheduled tasks. If necessary, a non-admin user can use the at Unix command to request a scheduled task (which is guaranteed to run). Upon starting, this command can then automatically request to run itself at a future date, thus giving the appearance of a regularly scheduled task, with guaranteed execution.Anacron can only run tasks once a day (or less often such as weekly or monthly). In contrast, cron allows tasks to run as often as every minute (but does not guarantee their execution if the system goes down). In practice, this is not usually an issue, since it is rare to have a task that must be guaranteed to run more often than (at least) once a day – especially on a system that is not necessarily running at all times.
If the system is rebooted or started after midnight, the daily tasks are run immediately (after a delay, usually 5 minutes), which can consume system resources that are needed by the user, who has just started the machine, and is presumably expecting to do work. In contrast cron will only run daily tasks at the set time in the middle of the night (presumably when the machine is not being used).