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Monday, 24 December 2018

Install Nginx, PHP7, MariaDB10 (LEMP) on CentOS7 OR Ubuntu

yum update
yum install epel-release

Nginx

yum install nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

MariaDB 10

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
add
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
then
yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
systemctl start mariadb Y, Y, Y, Y mysql_secure_installation
systemctl enable mariadb

PHP 7

add the Webtatic repo:
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
install
yum install php70w
see if it works or not
php -v
Search available modules
yum search php70
install modules you need
yum install php70w-xml php70w-soap php70w-xmlrpc php70w-mbstring php70w-json php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql 
yum install php70w-intl php70w-tidy
yum install php70w-pecl-redis 
yum install php-pecl-mongodb
yum install php70w-fpm
yum install php70w-devel php70w-pear
yum install php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-opcache
vi /etc/php.ini
find cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 and then replace it with cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
find and replace with:
listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock

listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody

user = nginx
group = nginx
Start php-fpm
systemctl start php-fpm
Enable it to boot
systemctl enable php-fpm

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    # note that these lines are originally from the "location /" block
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}
If meet permission denied issue..
chown nginx:nginx /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload
from https://github.com/terrylinooo/daily/wiki/Install-Nginx,-PHP-7,-MariaDB-10-(LEMP)-on-CentOS-7
------

CentOS7下，安装PHP7, NGINX & MySQL 5.6





建议CentOS 7.均为SSH下、root用户。



一、升级系统，更换更新源
适用于CentOS / RHEL 7系统


yum install epel-release
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm



适用于CentOS / RHEL 6系统


yum install epel-release
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm



二、安装PHP 7
1、安装PHP 7


yum install php70w



2、安装PHP 7组件
查找组件


yum search php70w



安装组件


yum install php70w-mysql php70w-xml php70w-soap php70w-xmlrpc
yum install php70w-mbstring php70w-json php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt



三、安装NGINX
1、安装NGINX


yum install nginx



2、启动NGINX


systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service



四、安装MySQL 5.6
1、安装MySQL


yum install mysql-server



2、安全设置


systemctl start mysqld.service
mysql_secure_installation



3、启动MySQL


systemctl restart mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld.service



五、设置PHP-FPM


yum install php70w-fpm



六、创建网站


nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.conf



粘贴如下内容：


server {
        listen   80;
        root /var/www;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;
        server_name  example.com www.example.com;
        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
              root /usr/share/nginx/www;
        }
        location ~ .php$ {
                try_files $uri =404;
                fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
        }
}



根据需要更改为自己的域名、文件存放目录。



七、重启服务


systemctl restart nginx.service
systemctl restart php-fpm.service



八、防火墙开放http (80) 和 https (443)端口


firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload



via：https://servercheap.net/crm/index.php?rp=/knowledgebase/1/Install-PHP-7-NGINX-and-MySQL-56-on-CentOSorRHEL-71-and-67.html




--------------

通过YUM方式在CentOS 7中安装与配置nginx+php+mariadb





下面我们开始第一部分内容介绍：



安装环境
[root@1st ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)



[root@1st ~]# uname -an
Linux 1st.iwshare.org 2.6.32-042stab113.21 #1 SMP Wed Mar 23 11:05:25 MSK 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux



安装EPEL扩展：
[root@1st ~]# yum install epel-release.noarch



安装NGINX
[root@1st ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1



[root@1st ~]# yum install nginx



安装PHP
[root@1st ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@1st ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm



[root@1st ~]# yum install php70w php70w-fpm php70w-opcache php70w-common \
php70w-cli php70w-devel php70w-gd php70w-mbstring php70w-mcrypt \
php70w-mysqlnd php70w-pear.noarch php70w-xml php70w-xmlrpc \
php70w-pecl* php70w-tidy php70w-pdo php70w-process



安装MariaDB
[root@1st ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
# MariaDB 10.1 CentOS repository list – created 2016-05-19 00:06 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1



[root@1st ~]# yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client



到此，基本安装内容介绍完成.



下面我们开始第二部分内容介绍：



PHP的配置
[root@1st ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
#add line
kernel.shmmax = 268435456



[root@1st ~]# sysctl -p



[root@1st ~]# more /etc/php-fpm.conf



;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;



; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP’s install
; prefix. This prefix can be dynamically changed by using the
; ‘-p’ argument from the command line.



;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;



[global]
; Pid file
; Default Value: none
pid = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid



; Error log file
; If it’s set to “syslog”, log is sent to syslogd instead of being written
; in a local file.
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log



; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the
; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities
; will be handled differently.
; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON)
; Default Value: daemon
;syslog.facility = daemon



; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM
; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value
; which must suit common needs.
; Default Value: php-fpm
;syslog.ident = php-fpm



; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
log_level = error



; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of ‘0’ means ‘Off’.
; Default Value: 0
emergency_restart_threshold = 0



; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator’s shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
emergency_restart_interval = 0



; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
process_control_timeout = 0



; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been design to control
; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools.
; Use it with caution.
; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit
; Default Value: 0
; process.max = 128



; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the master process (only if set)
; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lower priority)
; Note: – It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
; – The pool process will inherit the master process priority
; unless it specified otherwise
; Default Value: no set
; process.priority = -19



; Send FPM to background. Set to ‘no’ to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
daemonize = yes



; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024



; Set max core size rlimit for the master process.
; Possible Values: ‘unlimited’ or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0



; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available:
; – select (any POSIX os)
; – poll (any POSIX os)
; – epoll (linux >= 2.5.44)
; – kqueue (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0)
; – /dev/poll (Solaris >= 7)
; – port (Solaris >= 10)
; Default Value: not set (auto detection)
;events.mechanism = epoll



; When FPM is build with systemd integration, specify the interval,
; in second, between health report notification to systemd.
; Set to 0 to disable.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default value: 10
;systemd_interval = 10



;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;



; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway 🙂



; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf



[root@1st ~]# more /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf



; Start a new pool named ‘www’.
[www]
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user’s group
; will be used.
; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
user = apache
; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
group = apache



; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
; ‘ip.add.re.ss:port’ – to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv4 address on
; a specific port;
; ‘[ip:6:addr:ess]:port’ – to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv6 address on
; a specific port;
; ‘port’ – to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses
; (IPv6 and IPv4-mapped) on a specific port;
; ‘/path/to/unix/socket’ – to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000



; Set listen(2) backlog.
; Default Value: 511 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
;listen.backlog = 511



; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
; mode is set to 0660
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
listen.mode = 0660
; When POSIX Access Control Lists are supported you can set them using
; these options, value is a comma separated list of user/group names.
; When set, listen.owner and listen.group are ignored
;listen.acl_users =
;listen.acl_groups =



; List of addresses (IPv4/IPv6) of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1,192.xxx.xxx.xxx （此处ip地址为监听80端口的ip地址）



; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the pool processes (only if set)
; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lower priority)
; Note: – It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
; – The pool processes will inherit the master process priority
; unless it specified otherwise
; Default Value: no set
; process.priority = -19



; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
; static – a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
; dynamic – the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
; following directives. With this process management, there will be
; always at least 1 children.
; pm.max_children – the maximum number of children that can
; be alive at the same time.
; pm.start_servers – the number of children created on startup.
; pm.min_spare_servers – the minimum number of children in ‘idle’
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of ‘idle’ processes is less than this
; number then some children will be created.
; pm.max_spare_servers – the maximum number of children in ‘idle’
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of ‘idle’ processes is greater than this
; number then some children will be killed.
; ondemand – no children are created at startup. Children will be forked when
; new requests will connect. The following parameter are used:
; pm.max_children – the maximum number of children that
; can be alive at the same time.
; pm.process_idle_timeout – The number of seconds after which
; an idle process will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic



; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to ‘static’ and the
; maximum number of child processes when pm is set to ‘dynamic’ or ‘ondemand’.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI.
; Note: Used when pm is set to ‘static’, ‘dynamic’ or ‘ondemand’
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 50



; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘dynamic’
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers – min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 10



; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘dynamic’
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to ‘dynamic’
pm.min_spare_servers = 5



; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘dynamic’
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to ‘dynamic’
pm.max_spare_servers = 35



; The number of seconds after which an idle process will be killed.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘ondemand’
; Default Value: 10s
;pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;



; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify ‘0’. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
;pm.max_requests = 500



; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. It shows the following informations:
; pool – the name of the pool;
; process manager – static, dynamic or ondemand;
; start time – the date and time FPM has started;
; start since – number of seconds since FPM has started;
; accepted conn – the number of request accepted by the pool;
; listen queue – the number of request in the queue of pending
; connections (see backlog in listen(2));
; max listen queue – the maximum number of requests in the queue
; of pending connections since FPM has started;
; listen queue len – the size of the socket queue of pending connections;
; idle processes – the number of idle processes;
; active processes – the number of active processes;
; total processes – the number of idle + active processes;
; max active processes – the maximum number of active processes since FPM
; has started;
; max children reached – number of times, the process limit has been reached,
; when pm tries to start more children (works only for
; pm ‘dynamic’ and ‘ondemand’);
; Value are updated in real time.
; Example output:
; pool: www
; process manager: static
; start time: 01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
; start since: 62636
; accepted conn: 190460
; listen queue: 0
; max listen queue: 1
; listen queue len: 42
; idle processes: 4
; active processes: 11
; total processes: 15
; max active processes: 12
; max children reached: 0
;
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; ‘html’, ‘xml’ or ‘json’ in the query string will return the corresponding
; output syntax. Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html
; http://www.foo.bar/status?xml
;
; By default the status page only outputs short status. Passing ‘full’ in the
; query string will also return status for each pool process.
; Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status?full
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json&full
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html&full
; http://www.foo.bar/status?xml&full
; The Full status returns for each process:
; pid – the PID of the process;
; state – the state of the process (Idle, Running, …);
; start time – the date and time the process has started;
; start since – the number of seconds since the process has started;
; requests – the number of requests the process has served;
; request duration – the duration in µs of the requests;
; request method – the request method (GET, POST, …);
; request URI – the request URI with the query string;
; content length – the content length of the request (only with POST);
; user – the user (PHP_AUTH_USER) (or ‘-‘ if not set);
; script – the main script called (or ‘-‘ if not set);
; last request cpu – the %cpu the last request consumed
; it’s always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
; because CPU calculation is done when the request
; processing has terminated;
; last request memory – the max amount of memory the last request consumed
; it’s always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
; because memory calculation is done when the request
; processing has terminated;
; If the process is in Idle state, then informations are related to the
; last request the process has served. Otherwise informations are related to
; the current request being served.
; Example output:
; ************************
; pid: 31330
; state: Running
; start time: 01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
; start since: 63087
; requests: 12808
; request duration: 1250261
; request method: GET
; request URI: /test_mem.php?N=10000
; content length: 0
; user: –
; script: /home/fat/web/docs/php/test_mem.php
; last request cpu: 0.00
; last request memory: 0
;
; Note: There is a real-time FPM status monitoring sample web page available
; It’s available in: @EXPANDED_DATADIR@/fpm/status.html
;
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;pm.status_path = /status



; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; – create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; – remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; – trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;ping.path = /ping



; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
;ping.response = pong



; The access log file
; Default: not set
;access.log = log/$pool.access.log



; The access log format.
; The following syntax is allowed
; %%: the ‘%’ character
; %C: %CPU used by the request
; it can accept the following format:
; – %{user}C for user CPU only
; – %{system}C for system CPU only
; – %{total}C for user + system CPU (default)
; %d: time taken to serve the request
; it can accept the following format:
; – %{seconds}d (default)
; – %{miliseconds}d
; – %{mili}d
; – %{microseconds}d
; – %{micro}d
; %e: an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER)
; it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env
; variable. Some exemples:
; – server specifics like: %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e
; – HTTP headers like: %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e
; %f: script filename
; %l: content-length of the request (for POST request only)
; %m: request method
; %M: peak of memory allocated by PHP
; it can accept the following format:
; – %{bytes}M (default)
; – %{kilobytes}M
; – %{kilo}M
; – %{megabytes}M
; – %{mega}M
; %n: pool name
; %o: output header
; it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header:
; – %{Content-Type}o
; – %{X-Powered-By}o
; – %{Transfert-Encoding}o
; – ….
; %p: PID of the child that serviced the request
; %P: PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request
; %q: the query string
; %Q: the ‘?’ character if query string exists
; %r: the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q)
; %R: remote IP address
; %s: status (response code)
; %t: server time the request was received
; it can accept a strftime(3) format:
; %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
; The strftime(3) format must be encapsuled in a %{<strftime_format>}t tag
; e.g. for a ISO8601 formatted timestring, use: %{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t
; %T: time the log has been written (the request has finished)
; it can accept a strftime(3) format:
; %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
; The strftime(3) format must be encapsuled in a %{<strftime_format>}t tag
; e.g. for a ISO8601 formatted timestring, use: %{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t
; %u: remote user
;
; Default: “%R – %u %t \”%m %r\” %s”
;access.format = “%R – %u %t \”%m %r%Q%q\” %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%%”



; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log



; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the ‘slowlog’ file. A value of ‘0s’ means ‘off’.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0



; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the ‘max_execution_time’ ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of ‘0’ means ‘off’.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
request_terminate_timeout = 0



; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024



; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: ‘unlimited’ or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0



; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever
; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
; (error_log, sessions.save_path, …).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot =



; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www



; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes



; Clear environment in FPM workers
; Prevents arbitrary environment variables from reaching FPM worker processes
; by clearing the environment in workers before env vars specified in this
; pool configuration are added.
; Setting to “no” will make all environment variables available to PHP code
; via getenv(), $_ENV and $_SERVER.
; Default Value: yes
;clear_env = no



; Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can
; prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit
; FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to
; exectute php code.
; Note: set an empty value to allow all extensions.
; Default Value: .php
;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .php7



; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp



; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
; php_value/php_flag – you can set classic ini defines which can
; be overwritten from PHP call ‘ini_set’.
; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag – these directives won’t be overwritten by
; PHP call ‘ini_set’
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.



; Defining ‘extension’ will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining ‘disable_functions’ or ‘disable_classes’ will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.



; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
; specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 128M



; Set session path to a directory owned by process user
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session
php_value[soap.wsdl_cache_dir] = /var/lib/php/wsdlcache



启动PHP解析服务
[root@1st ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.



[root@1st ~]# systemctl start php-fpm.service
[root@1st ~]# systemctl status php-fpm.service
● php-fpm.service – The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2016-05-31 21:05:43 EDT; 11s ago
Main PID: 5043 (php-fpm)
Status: “Processes active: 0, idle: 10, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec”
CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
├─5043 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
├─5044 php-fpm: pool www
├─5045 php-fpm: pool www
├─5046 php-fpm: pool www
├─5047 php-fpm: pool www
├─5048 php-fpm: pool www
├─5049 php-fpm: pool www
├─5050 php-fpm: pool www
├─5051 php-fpm: pool www
├─5052 php-fpm: pool www
└─5053 php-fpm: pool www



May 31 21:05:43 186567 systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager…
May 31 21:05:43 186567 systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.



NGINX的配置
[root@1st ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@1st conf.d]# vim allen.iwshare.me
server {
listen 80;
server_name allen.iwshare.me;



#charset koi8-r;
access_log /var/log/nginx/log/allen_iwshare_me.access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/log/allen_iwshare_me.error.log error;



root /documentroot/xxxx/iwshare.me;
index index.php index.html index.htm;



location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}



#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.htm
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}



# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}



# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache’s document root
# concurs with nginx’s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}



启动NGINX
[root@1st ~]# systemctl start nginx



启动mariadb
[root@1st ~]# systemctl start mariadb



到此，我们的nginx+php+mariadb环境构建完成，大家可以通过phpinfo进行测试.



---------------




LEMP w/ PHP7.2 (or 7.1) & MariaDB on Ubuntu 16/17/18 x64

Basic installation process of LEMP



Last update: 17/09/2018, tested on Ubuntu 18.04



Overview



This document is a list of notes when installing several Ubuntu LEMP instances w/ PHP7.2. With some sort of imagination it can be considered as a step-by-step tutorial of really basic installation process of LEMP. I wrote it mainly for myself, but feel free to use it. The LEMP consists of:


    

  • Nginx
    • 

  • PHP7.2 (php-fpm)
    • 

  • MariaDB
    • 

  • Optional: git, munin, rabbitmq, supervisor, node.js, Let's Encrypt, postfix
    • 




Table of Contents




Essentials



Installation script



To automatically install essentials, you can use the 👉 startup.sh script by downloading it and calling it with sudo sudo ./startup.sh. The file is deleted automatically.



Manual installation



If you want to have the installation in your hands, follow the manual installation. 👇



add new user




adduser admin





allow su without password for this user




echo "admin    ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers





try new user




su - admin
exit





add authorized keys for that user




su - admin
mkdir .ssh
nano .ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 .ssh/
chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys





disable password login for all users




# Optional
echo "PasswordAuthentication no" | sudo tee --append /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo systemctl reload sshd





Or disable the password for some users only (admin, user_tld)




# Optional
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
> Match User admin,user_tld
>    PasswordAuthentication no
sudo systemctl reload sshd





Fix locale if you are getting "WARNING! Your environment specifies an invalid locale."




sudo echo 'LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/environment
# Log out & in





Set the correct timezone




sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata





Configure & Update APT




sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade ; sudo apt-get -y update ; sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y install unattended-upgrades software-properties-common apache2-utils fail2ban





Install security updates automatically




sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades





Install essentials




sudo apt-get -y install mc htop





Setup and configure Firewall



Open SSH port only.




sudo ufw allow 22 #OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 80 #http
sudo ufw allow 443 #https
yes | sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status





Webserver installation



You can skip steps 1-4 by downloading and running the lemp.sh script:




wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/lemp-stack/master/lemp.sh && chmod u+x lemp.sh
sudo lemp.sh





1. Install Nginx




sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:nginx/development && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install nginx





2. Install MariaDB




sudo apt-get -y install mariadb-server # Or MySQL: sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo service mysql stop # Stop the MySQL if is running.
sudo mysql_install_db
sudo service mysql start
sudo mysql_secure_installation





3. Install PHP7.2




sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ondrej/php && sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install php7.2





4. Choose and install PHP7.2 modules




sudo apt-cache search php7.2-*
sudo apt-get -y install php7.2-fpm php7.2-curl php7.2-gd php7.2-json php7.2-mysql php7.2-sqlite3 php7.2-pgsql php7.2-bz2 php7.2-mbstring php7.2-soap php7.2-xml php7.2-zip





5. Check the installed PHP version




php -v





6. Configure Nginx



Configure /etc/nginx/nginx.conf




worker_processes auto;
events {
        use epoll;
        worker_connections 1024; # ~ RAM / 2
        multi_accept on;
}





Default vhost




cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
sudo rm default
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/lemp-stack/master/nginx/sites-available/default
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/lemp-stack/master/nginx/conf.d/gzip.conf





Setup default settings for all virtual hosts




sudo mkdir -p /etc/nginx/conf.d/server/
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/server/
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/lemp-stack/master/nginx/conf.d/server/1-common.conf





Reload Nginx




sudo nginx -t && sudo nginx -s reload





Add new website, configuring PHP & Nginx & MariaDB



Steps 1. - 9. can be skipped by calling the add-vhost.sh. Just download add-vhost.sh, chmod u+x ./add-vhost.sh and call it sudo ./add-vhost.sh. The file is deleted automatically.




cd ~
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/lemp-stack/master/add-vhost.sh
chmod u+x add-vhost.sh
sudo ./add-vhost.sh





1. Create the dir structure for new website




sudo mkdir -p /var/www/vhosts/new-website.tld/{web,logs,ssl}





2. User groups and roles




sudo groupadd new-website
sudo useradd -g new-website -d /var/www/vhosts/new-website.tld new-website
sudo passwd new-website





You can switch users by using sudo su - new-website



3. Update permissions




sudo chown -R new-website:new-website /var/www/vhosts/new-website.tld
sudo chmod -R 0775 /var/www/vhosts/new-website.tld





4. Create new PHP-FPM pool for new site




sudo nano /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/new-website.tld.conf





5. Configure the new pool




[new-website]
user = new-website
group = new-website
listen = /run/php/php7.2-fpm-new-website.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
php_admin_value[disable_functions] = exec,passthru,shell_exec,system
php_admin_flag[allow_url_fopen] = off
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5 # The hard-limit total number of processes allowed
pm.start_servers = 2 # When nginx starts, have this many processes waiting for requests
pm.min_spare_servers = 1 # Number spare processes nginx will create
pm.max_spare_servers = 3 # Number spare processes attempted to create
pm.max_requests = 500
chdir = /





5.1 Configuring pm.max_children


    

  1. Find how much RAM FPM consumes: ps -A -o pid,rss,command | grep php-fpm -> second row in bytes
      

    1. Reference: https://overloaded.io/finding-process-memory-usage-linux
      2. 

    

    2. 

  2. Eg. ~43904 / 1024 -> ~43MB per one process
    3. 

  3. Calculation: If server has 2GB RAM, let's say PHP can consume 1GB (with some buffer, otherwise we can use 1.5GB): 1024MB / 43MB -> ~30MB -> pm.max_childern = 30
    4. 




5.2 Configuring pm.start_servers, pm.min_spare_servers, pm.max_spare_servers


    

  1. pm.start_servers == number of CPUs
    2. 

  2. pm.min_spare_servers = pm.start_servers / 2
    3. 

  3. pm.max_spare_servers = pm.start_servers * 3
    4. 




6. Restart PHP fpm and check it's running




sudo service php7.2-fpm restart
ps aux | grep new-site





7. Create new "vhost" for Nginx




sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/new-site.tld





8. Configure the vhost




server {
    listen 80;

    root /var/www/vhosts/new-site.tld/web;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    server_name www.new-site.tld new-site.tld;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/server/1-common.conf;

    access_log /var/www/vhosts/new-site.tld/logs/access.log;
    error_log /var/www/vhosts/new-site.tld/logs/error.log warn;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm-new-site.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}





9. Enable the new vhost


cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/new-site.tld new-site.tld
sudo nginx -t && sudo nginx -s reload




10. MariaDB (MySQL)




sudo mysql -u root
> CREATE DATABASE newwebsite_tld;
> CREATE USER 'newwebsite_tld'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON newwebsite_tld.* TO 'newwebsite_tld'@'localhost';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;





Others



Git Aware Prompt







If you want to have nice git-aware prompt with some handy aliases, use this:


sudo su virtualhostuser
cd ~
mkdir ~/.bash && cd ~/.bash && git clone git://github.com/jimeh/git-aware-prompt.git && cd ~ && wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/56fbb184b1ec01fae1adf2e7abb626b6/raw/1d8a71172b1890adfe43d179f69fba66324b2014/.bashrcbashrc
bash




More information about aliases and other in this gist.



Git


sudo apt-get install git




Adminer



Adminer is a mostly MySQL database management tool. It's really tiny, simple & easy to use.


cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/server/
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lucien144/lemp-stack/master/nginx/conf.d/server/4-adminer.conf
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/adminer/
cd /var/www/html/adminer/
sudo wget https://www.adminer.org/latest.php -O index.php
sudo chmod a+x index.php
sudo htpasswd -c .htpasswd user
sudo nginx -t && sudo nginx -s reload




Adminer is now ready at http://{server.ip}/adminer/



Also, don't forget to change the username 👆.



Postfix (sending emails from PHP)



In case you cannot send emails from PHP and getting error (tail /var/log/mail.log) Network is unreachable, you need to switch Postfix from IPv6 to IPv6.


sudo apt-get install postfix
sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf




Now change the line inet_protocols = all to inet_protocols = ipv4 and restart postfix by sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart.



You can also check if you have opened port 25 by netstat -nutlap | grep 25



Munin



1. Install



apt-get install munin-node munin



2. Configure Munin


    

  1. Uncomment #host 127.0.0.1 in /etc/munin/munin-node.conf
    2. 

  2. Append following code to /etc/munin/munin-node.conf
    3. 



[nginx*]
env.url http://localhost/nginx_status




3. Configure nginx /etc/nginx/sites-available/default


sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
# Change listen 80 default_server; to
listen 80

#Change listen [::]:80 default_server; to
listen [::]:80

# Add settings for stub status to server {}
    location /nginx_status {
        stub_status on;
        access_log off;
        allow 127.0.0.1;
        deny all;
    }

# Add setting to access stats online

    location /stats {
        allow YOUR.IP.ADDRESS;
        deny all;
        alias /var/cache/munin/www/;
    }




4. Install plugins


cd /usr/share/munin/plugins
sudo wget -O nginx_connection_request https://raw.github.com/munin-monitoring/contrib/master/plugins/nginx/nginx_connection_request
sudo wget -O nginx_status https://raw.github.com/munin-monitoring/contrib/master/plugins/nginx/nginx_status
sudo wget -O nginx_memory https://raw.github.com/munin-monitoring/contrib/master/plugins/nginx/nginx_memory

sudo chmod +x nginx_request
sudo chmod +x nginx_status
sudo chmod +x nginx_memory

sudo ln -s /usr/share/munin/plugins/nginx_request /etc/munin/plugins/nginx_request
sudo ln -s /usr/share/munin/plugins/nginx_status /etc/munin/plugins/nginx_status
sudo ln -s /usr/share/munin/plugins/nginx_memory /etc/munin/plugins/nginx_memory




Restart Munin



sudo service munin-node restart



Rabbitmq



Install PHP extension


sudo apt-get install php-amqp




Install RabbitMQ


echo 'deb http://www.rabbitmq.com/debian/ testing main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rabbitmq.list
wget -O- https://www.rabbitmq.com/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server
sudo service rabbitmq-server status
sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
sudo ufw allow 15672
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user admin *********
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / admin ".*" ".*" ".*"
sudo rabbitmqctl delete_user guest
sudo service rabbitmq-server restart




Installing plugin


    

  1. Download the .ez plugin to /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-{version}/plugins
    2. 

  2. Enable the plugin by sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable {plugin name}
    3. 




Supervisor



sudo apt-get install supervisor



Enable the web interface




echo "
[inet_http_server]
port=9001
username=admin
password=*********" | sudo tee --append /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf

sudo service supervisor reload
sudo ufw allow 9001





The interface should be available on http://{SERVER_IP}:9001/



Node.js & NPM


sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm




If you are getting error /usr/bin/env: ‘node’: No such file or directory run


sudo ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node




Composer


wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/composer/getcomposer.org/1b137f8bf6db3e79a38a5bc45324414a6b1f9df2/web/installer -O - -q | php -- --quiet
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer





Todo




Reference




Setting PHP-FPM




FROM https://github.com/lucien144/lemp-stack
at

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