BCC：基于BPF的 Linux 分析工具包

BCC 是基于 BPF 的 Linux IO 分析、监控、网络工具集。BCC 是使用 C++ 和 Python 编写的，遵循 Apache 开源授权协议。

BPF Compiler Collection (BCC) 是创建高效内核追踪和处理程序的工具包，包含几个有用的工具和用例。BCC 扩展了 BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) 的用途，BPF 之前被称为 eBPF，是 Linux 3.15 新增的一个新特性。BCC 大部分的功能都要求 Linux 4.1+。

Ingo Molnár 是这样描述eBPF的：（https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/4/14/232）

    eBPF程序 (用户定义，内核执行沙盒字节码) ，允许在一个 live 内核镜像中用户定义基础设施，不会再发生崩溃、挂起等问题。

BCC 让 BPF 程序更容易编写，使用 C（LLVM 包括一个 C 封装器）编写内核基础设施，前端使用 Python 和 Lua，适用于很多任务，包括性能分析和网络跟踪控制。

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Installing BCC

• Kernel Configuration
• Packages
  • Debian
  • Ubuntu
  • Fedora
  • Arch
  • Gentoo
  • openSUSE
  • RHEL
  • Amazon Linux 1
  • Amazon Linux 2
  • Alpine
  • WSL
• Source
  • libbpf Submodule
  • Debian
  • Ubuntu
  • Fedora
  • openSUSE
  • Centos
  • Amazon Linux 1
  • Amazon Linux 2
  • Alpine
  • Arch
• Older Instructions

Kernel Configuration

In general, to use these features, a Linux kernel version 4.1 or newer is required. In addition, the kernel should have been compiled with the following flags set:

CONFIG_BPF=y
CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y
# [optional, for tc filters]
CONFIG_NET_CLS_BPF=m
# [optional, for tc actions]
CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF=m
CONFIG_BPF_JIT=y
# [for Linux kernel versions 4.1 through 4.6]
CONFIG_HAVE_BPF_JIT=y
# [for Linux kernel versions 4.7 and later]
CONFIG_HAVE_EBPF_JIT=y
# [optional, for kprobes]
CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS=y
# Need kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz
CONFIG_IKHEADERS=y

There are a few optional kernel flags needed for running bcc networking examples on vanilla kernel:

CONFIG_NET_SCH_SFQ=m
CONFIG_NET_ACT_POLICE=m
CONFIG_NET_ACT_GACT=m
CONFIG_DUMMY=m
CONFIG_VXLAN=m

Kernel compile flags can usually be checked by looking at /proc/config.gz or /boot/config-<kernel-version>.

Packages

Debian - Binary

bcc and its tools are available in the standard Debian main repository, from the source package bpfcc under the names bpfcc-tools, python3-bpfcc, libbpfcc and libbpfcc-dev.

To install:

echo deb http://cloudfront.debian.net/debian sid main >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get install -y bpfcc-tools libbpfcc libbpfcc-dev linux-headers-$(uname -r)

Ubuntu - Binary

Versions of bcc are available in the standard Ubuntu Universe repository, as well in iovisor's PPA. The Ubuntu packages have slightly different names: where iovisor packages use bcc in the name (e.g. bcc-tools), Ubuntu packages use bpfcc (e.g. bpfcc-tools).

Currently, BCC packages for both the Ubuntu Universe, and the iovisor builds are outdated. This is a known and tracked in:

• Universe - Ubuntu Launchpad
• iovisor - BCC GitHub Issues Currently, building from source is currently the only way to get up to date packaged version of bcc.

Ubuntu Packages Source packages and the binary packages produced from them can be found at packages.ubuntu.com.

sudo apt-get install bpfcc-tools linux-headers-$(uname -r)

The tools are installed in /sbin (/usr/sbin in Ubuntu 18.04) with a -bpfcc extension. Try running sudo opensnoop-bpfcc.

Note: the Ubuntu packages have different names but the package contents, in most cases, conflict and as such cannot be installed alongside upstream packages. Should one choose to use Ubuntu's packages instead of the upstream iovisor packages (or vice-versa), the conflicting packages will need to be removed.

The iovisor packages do declare they provide the Ubuntu packages and as such may be used to satisfy dependencies. For example, should one attempt to install package foo which declares a dependency on libbpfcc while the upstream libbcc package is installed, foo should install without trouble as libbcc declares that it provides libbpfcc. That said, one should always test such a configuration in case of version incompatibilities.

iovisor packages (Upstream Stable and Signed Packages)

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 4052245BD4284CDD
echo "deb https://repo.iovisor.org/apt/$(lsb_release -cs) $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/iovisor.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bcc-tools libbcc-examples linux-headers-$(uname -r)

(replace xenial with artful or bionic as appropriate). Tools will be installed under /usr/share/bcc/tools.

Upstream Nightly Packages

echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://repo.iovisor.org/apt/xenial xenial-nightly main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/iovisor.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bcc-tools libbcc-examples linux-headers-$(uname -r)

(replace xenial with artful or bionic as appropriate)

Fedora - Binary

Fedora 30 and newer

As of Fedora 30, bcc binaries are available in the standard repository. You can install them via

sudo dnf install bcc

Note: if you keep getting Failed to load program: Operation not permitted when trying to run the hello_world.py example as root then you might need to lift the so-called kernel lockdown (cf. FAQ, background article).

Fedora 29 and older

Ensure that you are running a 4.2+ kernel with uname -r. If not, install a 4.2+ kernel from http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/rawhide-kernel-nodebug, for example:

sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo=http://alt.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/rawhide-kernel-nodebug/fedora-rawhide-kernel-nodebug.repo
sudo dnf update
# reboot

Nightly Packages

Nightly bcc binary packages for Fedora 25, 26, 27, and 28 are hosted at https://repo.iovisor.org/yum/nightly/f{25,26,27}.

To install:

echo -e '[iovisor]\nbaseurl=https://repo.iovisor.org/yum/nightly/f27/$basearch\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0' | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/iovisor.repo
sudo dnf install bcc-tools kernel-headers kernel-devel

Stable and Signed Packages

Stable bcc binary packages for Fedora 25, 26, 27, and 28 are hosted at https://repo.iovisor.org/yum/main/f{25,26,27}.

echo -e '[iovisor]\nbaseurl=https://repo.iovisor.org/yum/main/f27/$basearch\nenabled=1' | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/iovisor.repo
sudo dnf install bcc-tools kernel-devel-$(uname -r) kernel-headers-$(uname -r)

Arch - Binary

bcc is available in the standard Arch repos, so it can be installed with the pacman command:

# pacman -S bcc bcc-tools python-bcc

Gentoo - Portage

First of all, upgrade the kernel of your choice to a recent version. For example:

emerge sys-kernel/gentoo-sources

Then, configure the kernel enabling the features you need. Please consider the following as a starting point:

CONFIG_BPF=y
CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y
CONFIG_NET_CLS_BPF=m
CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF=m
CONFIG_BPF_JIT=y
CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS=y

Finally, you can install bcc with:

emerge dev-util/bcc

The appropriate dependencies (e.g., clang, llvm with BPF backend) will be pulled automatically.

openSUSE - Binary

For openSUSE Leap 42.2 (and later) and Tumbleweed, bcc is already included in the official repo. Just install the packages with zypper.

sudo zypper ref
sudo zypper in bcc-tools bcc-examples

RHEL - Binary

For RHEL 7.6, bcc is already included in the official yum repository as bcc-tools. As part of the install, the following dependencies are installed: bcc.x86_64 0:0.6.1-2.el7 ,llvm-private.x86_64 0:6.0.1-2.el7 ,python-bcc.x86_64 0:0.6.1-2.el7,python-netaddr.noarch 0:0.7.5-9.el7

yum install bcc-tools

Amazon Linux 1 - Binary

Use case 1. Install BCC for latest kernel available in repo: Tested on Amazon Linux AMI release 2018.03 (kernel 4.14.88-72.73.amzn1.x86_64)

sudo yum update kernel
sudo yum install bcc
sudo reboot

Use case 2. Install BCC for your AMI's default kernel (no reboot required): Tested on Amazon Linux AMI release 2018.03 (kernel 4.14.77-70.59.amzn1.x86_64)

sudo yum install kernel-headers-$(uname -r | cut -d'.' -f1-5)
sudo yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r | cut -d'.' -f1-5)
sudo yum install bcc

Amazon Linux 2 - Binary

Use case 1. Install BCC for your AMI's default kernel (no reboot required): Tested on Amazon Linux AMI release 2021.11 (kernel 5.10.75-79.358.amzn2.x86_64)

sudo amazon-linux-extras install BCC

Alpine - Binary

As of Alpine 3.11, bcc binaries are available in the community repository:

sudo apk add bcc-tools bcc-doc

The tools are installed in /usr/share/bcc/tools.

Python Compatibility

The binary packages include bindings for Python 3 only. The Python-based tools assume that a python binary is available at /usr/bin/python, but that may not be true on recent versions of Alpine. If you encounter errors like <tool-name>: not found, you can try creating a symlink to the Python 3.x binary like so:

sudo ln -s $(which python3) /usr/bin/python

Containers

Alpine Linux is often used as a base system for containers. bcc can be used in such an environment by launching the container in privileged mode with kernel modules available through bind mounts:

sudo docker run --rm -it --privileged \
  -v /lib/modules:/lib/modules:ro \
  -v /sys:/sys:ro \
  -v /usr/src:/usr/src:ro \
  alpine:3.12

WSL(Windows Subsystem for Linux) - Binary

Install dependencies

The compiling depends on the headers and lib of linux kernel module which was not found in wsl distribution packages repo. We have to compile the kernel module manually.

apt-get install flex bison libssl-dev libelf-dev dwarves

Install packages

First, you will need to checkout the WSL2 Linux kernel git repository:

KERNEL_VERSION=$(uname -r | cut -d '-' -f 1)
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/WSL2-Linux-Kernel.git -b linux-msft-wsl-$KERNEL_VERSION
cd WSL2-Linux-Kernel

Then compile and install:

cp Microsoft/config-wsl .config
make oldconfig && make prepare
make scripts
make modules
sudo make modules_install

After install the module you will need to change the name of the directory to remove the '+' at the end

mv /lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION-microsoft-standard-WSL2+/ /lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION-microsoft-standard-WSL2

Then you can install bcc tools package according your distribution.

If you met some problems, try to

sudo mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug

Source

libbpf Submodule

Since release v0.10.0, bcc starts to leverage libbpf repo (https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf) to provide wrapper functions to the kernel for bpf syscalls, uapi headers bpf.h/btf.h etc. Unfortunately, the default github release source code does not contain libbpf submodule source code and this will cause build issues.

To alleviate this problem, starting at release v0.11.0, source code with corresponding libbpf submodule codes will be released as well. See https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/releases.

Debian - Source

sid

Repositories

/etc/apt/sources.list should include the non-free repository and look something like this:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian sid main contrib non-free

Install Build Dependencies

# Before you begin
apt-get update
# According to https://packages.debian.org/source/sid/bpfcc,
# BCC build dependencies:
sudo apt-get install arping bison clang-format cmake dh-python \
  dpkg-dev pkg-kde-tools ethtool flex inetutils-ping iperf \
  libbpf-dev libclang-dev libclang-cpp-dev libedit-dev libelf-dev \
  libfl-dev libzip-dev linux-libc-dev llvm-dev libluajit-5.1-dev \
  luajit python3-netaddr python3-pyroute2 python3-setuptools python3

Install and compile BCC

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

Ubuntu - Source

To build the toolchain from source, one needs:

• LLVM 3.7.1 or newer, compiled with BPF support (default=on)
• Clang, built from the same tree as LLVM
• cmake (>=3.1), gcc (>=4.7), flex, bison
• LuaJIT, if you want Lua support
• Optional tools used in some examples: arping, netperf, and iperf

Install build dependencies

# Trusty (14.04 LTS) and older
VER=trusty
echo "deb http://llvm.org/apt/$VER/ llvm-toolchain-$VER-3.7 main
deb-src http://llvm.org/apt/$VER/ llvm-toolchain-$VER-3.7 main" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/llvm.list
wget -O - http://llvm.org/apt/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

# For Bionic (18.04 LTS)
sudo apt-get -y install zip bison build-essential cmake flex git libedit-dev \
  libllvm6.0 llvm-6.0-dev libclang-6.0-dev python zlib1g-dev libelf-dev libfl-dev python3-setuptools \
  liblzma-dev arping netperf iperf

# For Focal (20.04.1 LTS)
sudo apt install -y zip bison build-essential cmake flex git libedit-dev \
  libllvm12 llvm-12-dev libclang-12-dev python zlib1g-dev libelf-dev libfl-dev python3-setuptools \
  liblzma-dev arping netperf iperf

# For Hirsute (21.04) or Impish (21.10)
sudo apt install -y zip bison build-essential cmake flex git libedit-dev \
  libllvm11 llvm-11-dev libclang-11-dev python3 zlib1g-dev libelf-dev libfl-dev python3-setuptools \
  liblzma-dev arping netperf iperf

# For Jammy (22.04)
sudo apt install -y zip bison build-essential cmake flex git libedit-dev \
  libllvm14 llvm-14-dev libclang-14-dev python3 zlib1g-dev libelf-dev libfl-dev python3-setuptools \
  liblzma-dev libdebuginfod-dev arping netperf iperf

# For other versions
sudo apt-get -y install zip bison build-essential cmake flex git libedit-dev \
  libllvm3.7 llvm-3.7-dev libclang-3.7-dev python zlib1g-dev libelf-dev python3-setuptools \
  liblzma-dev arping netperf iperf

# For Lua support
sudo apt-get -y install luajit luajit-5.1-dev

Install and compile BCC

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install
cmake -DPYTHON_CMD=python3 .. # build python3 binding
pushd src/python/
make
sudo make install
popd

CentOS-8.5 - Source

suppose you're running with root or add sudo first

Install build dependencies

dnf install -y bison cmake ethtool flex git iperf3 libstdc++-devel python3-netaddr python3-pip gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel elfutils-libelf-devel
# dnf install -y luajit luajit-devel ## if use luajit, will report some lua function(which in lua5.3) undefined problem 
dnf install -y clang clang-devel llvm llvm-devel llvm-static ncurses-devel
dnf -y install netperf
pip3 install pyroute2
ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

Install and Compile bcc

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git

mkdir bcc-build
cd bcc-build/

## here llvm should always link shared library
cmake ../bcc -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DENABLE_LLVM_SHARED=1
make -j10
make install 

after install, you may add bcc directory to your $PATH, which you can add to ~/.bashrc

bcctools=/usr/share/bcc/tools
bccexamples=/usr/share/bcc/examples
export PATH=$bcctools:$bccexamples:$PATH

let path take effect

source ~/.bashrc 

then run

hello_world.py

Or

cd /usr/share/bcc/examples
./hello_world.py
./tracing/bitehist.py

cd /usr/share/bcc/tools
./bitesize 

Fedora - Source

Install build dependencies

sudo dnf install -y bison cmake ethtool flex git iperf libstdc++-static \
  python-netaddr python-pip gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel \
  elfutils-libelf-devel python-cachetools
sudo dnf install -y luajit luajit-devel  # for Lua support
sudo dnf install -y \
  http://repo.iovisor.org/yum/extra/mageia/cauldron/x86_64/netperf-2.7.0-1.mga6.x86_64.rpm
sudo pip install pyroute2

Install binary clang

# FC22
wget http://llvm.org/releases/3.7.1/clang+llvm-3.7.1-x86_64-fedora22.tar.xz
sudo tar xf clang+llvm-3.7.1-x86_64-fedora22.tar.xz -C /usr/local --strip 1

# FC23
wget http://llvm.org/releases/3.9.0/clang+llvm-3.9.0-x86_64-fedora23.tar.xz
sudo tar xf clang+llvm-3.9.0-x86_64-fedora23.tar.xz -C /usr/local --strip 1

# FC24 and FC25
sudo dnf install -y clang clang-devel llvm llvm-devel llvm-static ncurses-devel

Install and compile BCC

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

openSUSE - Source

Install build dependencies

sudo zypper in bison cmake flex gcc gcc-c++ git libelf-devel libstdc++-devel \
  llvm-devel clang-devel pkg-config python-devel python-setuptools python3-devel \
  python3-setuptools
sudo zypper in luajit-devel       # for lua support in openSUSE Leap 42.2 or later
sudo zypper in lua51-luajit-devel # for lua support in openSUSE Tumbleweed

Install and compile BCC

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake -DLUAJIT_INCLUDE_DIR=`pkg-config --variable=includedir luajit` \ # for lua support
      ..
make
sudo make install
cmake -DPYTHON_CMD=python3 .. # build python3 binding
pushd src/python/
make
sudo make install
popd

Centos - Source

For Centos 7.6 only

Install build dependencies

sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo yum update -y
sudo yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"
sudo yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel cmake3 git bison flex ncurses-devel
sudo yum install -y luajit luajit-devel  # for Lua support

Install and compile LLVM

You could compile LLVM from source code

curl -LO http://releases.llvm.org/10.0.0/llvm-10.0.0.src.tar.xz
curl -LO http://releases.llvm.org/10.0.0/cfe-10.0.0.src.tar.xz
tar -xf cfe-10.0.0.src.tar.xz
tar -xf llvm-10.0.0.src.tar.xz

mkdir clang-build
mkdir llvm-build

cd llvm-build
cmake3 -G "Unix Makefiles" -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="BPF;X86" \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ../llvm-10.0.0.src
make
sudo make install

cd ../clang-build
cmake3 -G "Unix Makefiles" -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="BPF;X86" \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ../cfe-10.0.0.src
make
sudo make install
cd ..

or install from centos-release-scl

yum install -y centos-release-scl
yum-config-manager --enable rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms
yum install -y devtoolset-7 llvm-toolset-10 llvm-toolset-10-llvm-devel llvm-toolset-10-llvm-static llvm-toolset-10-clang-devel
source scl_source enable devtoolset-7 llvm-toolset-10

For permanently enable scl environment, please check https://access.redhat.com/solutions/527703.

Install and compile BCC

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake3 ..
make
sudo make install

Amazon Linux 1 - Source

Tested on Amazon Linux AMI release 2018.03 (kernel 4.14.47-56.37.amzn1.x86_64)

Install packages required for building

# enable epel to get iperf, luajit, luajit-devel, cmake3 (cmake3 is required to support c++11)
sudo yum-config-manager --enable epel

sudo yum install -y bison cmake3 ethtool flex git iperf libstdc++-static python-netaddr python-cachetools gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel elfutils-libelf-devel
sudo yum install -y luajit luajit-devel
sudo yum install -y http://repo.iovisor.org/yum/extra/mageia/cauldron/x86_64/netperf-2.7.0-1.mga6.x86_64.rpm
sudo pip install pyroute2
sudo yum install -y ncurses-devel

Install clang 3.7.1 pre-built binaries

wget http://releases.llvm.org/3.7.1/clang+llvm-3.7.1-x86_64-fedora22.tar.xz
tar xf clang*
(cd clang* && sudo cp -R * /usr/local/)

Build bcc

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
pushd .
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake3 ..
time make
sudo make install
popd

Setup required to run the tools

sudo yum -y install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
sudo mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug

Test

sudo /usr/share/bcc/tools/execsnoop

Amazon Linux 2 - Source

# enable epel to get iperf, luajit, luajit-devel, cmake3 (cmake3 is required to support c++11)
sudo yum-config-manager --enable epel

sudo yum install -y bison cmake3 ethtool flex git iperf libstdc++-static python-netaddr python-cachetools gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel elfutils-libelf-devel
sudo yum install -y luajit luajit-devel
sudo yum install -y http://repo.iovisor.org/yum/extra/mageia/cauldron/x86_64/netperf-2.7.0-1.mga6.x86_64.rpm
sudo pip install pyroute2
sudo yum install -y ncurses-devel

Install clang

yum install -y clang llvm llvm-devel llvm-static clang-devel clang-libs

Build bcc

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
pushd .
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
cmake3 ..
time make
sudo make install
popd

Setup required to run the tools

sudo yum -y install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
sudo mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug

Test

sudo /usr/share/bcc/tools/execsnoop

Alpine - Source

Install packages required for building

sudo apk add tar git build-base iperf linux-headers llvm10-dev llvm10-static \
  clang-dev clang-static cmake python3 flex-dev bison luajit-dev elfutils-dev \
  zlib-dev

Build bcc

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
mkdir bcc/build; cd bcc/build
# python2 can be substituted here, depending on your environment
cmake -DPYTHON_CMD=python3 ..
make && sudo make install

# Optional, but needed if you don't have /usr/bin/python on your system
ln -s $(which python3) /usr/bin/python

Test

sudo /usr/share/bcc/tools/execsnoop

Arch - Source

Install dependencies

pacman -S cmake clang llvm flex bison python

Build bcc

git clone https://github.com/iovisor/bcc.git
pushd .
mkdir bcc/build
cd bcc/build
cmake .. -DPYTHON_CMD=python3 # for python3 support
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
cd src/python
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
popd

Older Instructions

Build LLVM and Clang development libs

git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project
mkdir -p llvm-project/llvm/build/install
cd llvm-project/llvm/build
cmake -G "Ninja" -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD="BPF;X86" \
  -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang" \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$PWD/install ..
ninja && ninja install
export PATH=$PWD/install/bin:$PATH 

from https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/INSTALL.md#kernel-configuration

https://github.com/iovisor/bcc