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Wednesday, 16 September 2015

使用OPENVPN的ROUTE命令实现选择性翻墙

在默认情况下，一旦VPN连接成功，那么本地所有的网络请求都会通过VPN来传送。这使得许多想边下载边翻墙的童鞋无法如愿以偿——毕竟VPN会对速度有较大影响，并且绝大多数VPN都有流量限制。
那么有没有两全其美的方法呢？
在Google Code上就有一个项目叫chnroutes，提供了一些脚本来实现相应的功能，不过使用上实在是麻烦，而且缺乏灵活度。

其实，如果使用OpenVPN类型的VPN的话，那么有个很简单的方法，可以仅让指定的IP范围内的网络请求通过VPN发送，而正常的访问则不会占用VPN一丝流量。
首先，OpenVPN的配置文件，支持一个参数route-nopull，可以使VPN连接后，并不修改默认路由，也就不会有任何网络请求走VPN。
其次，我们可以在配置文件的末尾，添加一些route命令，指定特定的IP范围请求通过VPN发送。比如：
# NTT Twitter
route 168.143.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 128.121.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
上面的一行命令可以分成三部分来理解：
route        168.143.0.0 255.255.0.0        vpn_gateway
命令名称          网络范围（IP段）                              指定通过的路由
关于中间的部分，如果你学过计算机网络，那么对于任何一个站点，你应该都能轻松得到它的IP地址，那么再指定一个包含该地址并且不大的网络范围就可以了。
关于最后一个参数“vpn_gateway”，还有一个相似的参数，net_gateway，功能与前者恰恰相反，表示强行指定任意IP段不通过VPN来访问。
如果你没有学过计算机网络、或者学的不好，那么你可以依照下面的教程来获取关于一个站点的可行的网络范围：
以google.cn为例。
  1. 在“附件”中打开“命令提示符”（或者在“运行”窗口中输入cmd再回车）
  2. 输入ping+空格+站点的地址，此处我们输入 ping google.cn
  3. 部分的结果如下，注意到第二行中括号内的IP地址：74.125.95.160了么？
  4. 把该IP地址最后一位改成数字0，后面跟 255.255.255.0
  5. 这样就得到了我们要的一个可以作为参数的IP段74.125.95.0 255.255.255.0 （注意中间有个空格）
当然，手写这些是非常麻烦的。如果你已经有现成的OpenVPN配置文件了的话，那么只需要把下面的文本复制并粘贴到配置文件的最末端即可。别忘了要新起一行哦~
（说明1：最好把你用的VPN服务器本身的IP使用net_gateway参数添加进去，如下面的文本中晓晓自己使用的vpnchina sever，以避免错误的让VPN服务器也需要通过VPN来连接——那就没法访问VPN服务器了）
（说明2：上面的教程仅仅是写给新手看的。）
遗补：使用这种方式翻墙时，建议将一些IP地址多变的网站解析结果写入到本地hosts里固定下来，避免配置文件中指定的IP段因为解析地址变化而失效。另外，使用该方法时，DNS污染仍然会对你造成影响。因此，务必使用干净的如8.8.8.8的DNS。
遗补2：由于route条目较多，还需要添加一条 max-routes 1000 语句。
max-routes 1000
route-nopull
# vpnchina sever
route 174.36.181.0 255.255.255.0 net_gateway
#ustream
route 96.17.8.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#no21984.org
route 97.74.203.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#archive
route 207.241.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
#isohunt
route 208.71.112.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# zkaip
route 174.37.148.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#bit.ly
route 168.143.173.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#adobe
route 192.150.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# ke neng ba
route 74.207.248.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# python
route 82.94.164.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#ur.ly
route 216.239.34.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#iphonedownloadblog
route 66.33.209.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# uncyclopedia
route 96.45.180.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#mediafire
route 93.46.8.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
route 8.7.198.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
route 37.61.54.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# blackra1n
route 74.220.215.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#r f a
route 63.85.36.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#yam
route 60.199.252.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#wei quan wang
route 75.125.252.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#ff.im
route 64.13.142.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# plurk
route 74.120.121.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# b b c
route 212.58.240.0 255.255.248.0 vpn_gateway
# xiaochun
route 210.157.5.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# dropbox
route 174.129.212.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# wikimedia
route 208.80.152.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# akamai
route 63.150.131.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# flickr
route 67.195.19.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
route 69.147.90.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# twitbrowser
route 97.74.144.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# ipaddl
route 67.19.72.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# delicious
route 76.13.6.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# sendspace
route 216.151.186.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#emule
route 74.53.185.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# dev-team
route 72.32.231.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# hellotxt
route 212.239.17.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# Mediafire
route 205.196.120.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# Geocity
route 202.93.87.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
#tinypic
route 209.17.74.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# ultraxs.com
route 93.46.8.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# AOL
route 64.12.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 207.200.64.0 255.255.192.0 vpn_gateway
route 205.188.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# NTT Twitter
route 168.143.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 128.121.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Cloud Front (Twitter)
route 216.137.32.0 255.255.224.0 vpn_gateway
# Facebook
route 159.106.121.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
route 69.63.176.0 255.255.240.0 vpn_gateway
route 66.220.144.0 255.255.240.0 vpn_gateway
# Akamai (Facebook)
route 72.246.0.0 255.254.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 204.2.171.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# Youtube / Google
route 8.8.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 66.249.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 74.125.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 209.85.128.0 255.255.128.0 vpn_gateway
route 202.78.112.0 255.255.240.0 vpn_gateway
route 66.102.0.0 255.255.240.0 vpn_gateway
route 208.65.152.0 255.255.252.0 vpn_gateway
# Revsci
route 216.223.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Amazon
route 174.129.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Omroep
route 145.58.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Transip
route 80.69.64.0 255.255.224.0 vpn_gateway
# Hurricane Electric (mail-archive.com)
route 72.52.64.0 255.255.192.0 vpn_gateway
# GoDaddy
route 64.202.160.0 255.255.224.0 vpn_gateway
# PsiNET
route 38.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 vpn_gateway
# WordPress
route 72.233.0.0 255.255.128.0 vpn_gateway
route 74.200.192.0 255.255.192.0 vpn_gateway
route 76.74.254.0  255.255.255.128 vpn_gateway
route 65.52.0.0 255.252.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Spotify
route 78.31.8.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# The Planet
route 74.52.0.0 255.252.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Slicehost / Posterous
route 67.207.128.0 255.255.224.0 vpn_gateway
# Softlayer / Twitpic
route 174.36.0.0 255.254.0.0 vpn_gateway
route 66.228.120.0 255.255.255.0 vpn_gateway
# Vimeo
route 66.235.112.0 255.255.240.0 vpn_gateway
route 208.67.232.0 255.255.248.0 vpn_gateway
route 72.21.192.0 255.255.224.0 vpn_gateway
# Wefollow
route 70.32.64.0 255.255.192.0 vpn_gateway
# blogspot
route 64.233.160.0 255.255.224.0 vpn_gateway
route 72.14.192.0 255.255.192.0 vpn_gateway
# badongo
route 216.45.48.0 255.255.240.0 vpn_gateway
# www.wenxuecity.com / psinet
route 38.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Twitpic
route 74.86.0.0 255.255.0.0 vpn_gateway
# www.dwnews.com / level3
route 209.244.0.0 255.252.0.0 vpn_gateway
# www.6park.com / the planet
route 74.52.0.0 255.252.0.0 vpn_gateway
# Backchina / the planet
route 209.62.0.0 255.255.128.0 vpn_gateway
# yFrog
route 208.94.0.0 255.255.252.0 vpn_gateway
# opera
route 213.236.128.0 255.255.128.0 von_gateway
from http://xiaolife.com/wordpress/use-openvpn-route-and-vpn_gateway/
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