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Monday, 3 December 2012

Debian 6 64位下, 安装 apache/python/nginx 架设TransitLG/MTR服务器

本次主机:OVH 128MB OpenVZ VPS Debian6 64bit
目标:运行TransitLG,TransitLG是一个基于MTR的ping/ping6 tracert/tracert6网络诊断工具,需要python环境运行,运行TransitLG需要具备:
Nginx、rpl、Python、GNU Screen、Unzip、MTR、Ping/Ping6、Traceroute/Traceroute6

本次是进行改进和优化的尝试,TransitLG项目:http://sourceforge.net/projects/transitlg

【安装完成后的改变:】本来是要用lighttpd,但是很难运作,最终放弃,改用apache,安装过程只作为记录供以后参考.

OVH主机需要修改源:

nano /etc/apt/sources.list

原内容:
  1. deb http://mirror.ovh.net/debian/ squeeze main
  2. deb-src http://mirror.ovh.net/debian/ squeeze main

  3. deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main
  4. deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main
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在此之前加入:
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian squeeze main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main

之后务必执行reboot重启一次系统,不然不会生效

可以执行更新命令,使用参数,修补一下缺失的包:
apt-get update --fix-missing

也可以在后面安装完成gcc的时候执行

安装make、chkconfig、bzip2、gcc、g++、pcre、unzip:
其中有些可能已经存在,就不用再安装了
安装make:
apt-get install make

安装chkconfig:
apt-get install chkconfig

安装bzip2:
编译方式安装可以访问:http://www.bzip.org/
apt-get install bzip2

安装build-essential:
apt-get install build-essential

安装gcc:
编译方式安装gcc需要GMP、MPFR、MPC这三个库,下载地址:ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/
gcc网站:http://gcc.gnu.org/    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/    http://gcc.gnu.org/install/
apt-get install gcc

安装g++:
apt-get install g++

安装pcre(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions):
apt-get install pcre

安装pcre-devel:
apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

【推荐,后面安装nginx还要用到它的源码包】也可以下载源码编译安装pcre:
http://www.pcre.org/
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
cd /tmp
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.gz
tar zxvf pcre-8.31.tar.gz

# 已经有pcre的不继续安装
cd pcre-8.31
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre --enable-shared
make
make test
make install

安装unzip:
执行:
unzip -v

看到版本号,说明已存在,不需要再安装;如果提示找不到命令,执行命令安装unzip:
apt-get install unzip

安装gzip:
执行:
gzip -h

若提示找不到命令,说明不存在,执行apt-get install gzip命令进行安装


安装curl:
apt-get install curl


安装GNU Screen、rpl、MTR、Ping/Ping6、Traceroute/Traceroute6:

安装screen:
先执行:
screen -v

如果看到:
  1. Screen version 4.00.03jw4 (FAU) 2-May-06
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说明screen已经存在,不需要再安装,如果提示命令不存在,执行命令安装screen:
apt-get install screen

如果用编译方式安装screen,可以访问网站下载源码:
http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
http://aperiodic.net/screen

安装rpl:
先执行:
rpl -v

若看到:
  1. -bash: rpl: command not found
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说明rpl不存在,可以执行命令安装rpl:
apt-get install rpl

看到显示:
  1. Unpacking rpl (from .../archives/rpl_1.5.5-1_all.deb) ...
  2. Processing triggers for man-db ...
  3. Setting up rpl (1.5.5-1) ...
  4. Processing triggers for python-support ...
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rpl成功安装.


安装mtr(my trace route):
先执行:
mtr -v

看到:
  1. mtr 0.75
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说明mtr已经存在,如果提示找不到命令,说明不存在,需要执行命令安装mtr:
apt-get install mtr

也可以下载源码编译安装mtr:
http://www.bitwizard.nl/mtr/
ftp://ftp.bitwizard.nl/mtr/

查看网络配置,执行:
ifconfig

若看到:
  1. venet0    Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
  2.           inet addr:127.0.0.2  P-t-P:127.0.0.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.255
  3.           inet6 addr: 2607:5300:10:501::1:7741/128 Scope:Global
  4.           UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1500  Metric:1
  5.           RX packets:11599 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
  6.           TX packets:9937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
  7.           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
  8.           RX bytes:15644443 (14.9 MiB)  TX bytes:700996 (684.5 KiB)
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主要是看到inet6 addr后面有IPv6地址,说明已经接入IPv6

进行IPv6网络测试,执行:
ping6 ipv6.google.com

正常会显示:
  1. PING ipv6.google.com(2a00:1450:400c:c06::69) 56 data bytes
  2. 64 bytes from 2a00:1450:400c:c06::69: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=81.6 ms
  3. 64 bytes from 2a00:1450:400c:c06::69: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=81.5 ms
  4. 64 bytes from 2a00:1450:400c:c06::69: icmp_seq=3 ttl=51 time=81.7 ms
  5. 64 bytes from 2a00:1450:400c:c06::69: icmp_seq=4 ttl=51 time=82.0 ms
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再次进行IPv6网络测试,执行:
traceroute6  ipv6.google.com

正常会显示:
  1. traceroute to ipv6.google.com (2a00:1450:400c:c06::69), 30 hops max, 80 byte packets
  2. 1  2607:5300:10:500::1511 (2607:5300:10:500::1511)  0.071 ms  0.021 ms  0.018 ms
  3. 2  2607:5300::58 (2607:5300::58)  0.601 ms * *
  4. 3  * * *
  5. 4  rbx-g1-a9.fr.eu (2001:41d0::771)  73.974 ms  73.963 ms  73.941 ms
  6. 5  ams-1-6k.nl.eu (2001:41d0::7d2)  77.025 ms ams-1-6k.nl.eu (2001:41d0::1b1)  77.028 ms ams-1-6k.nl.eu (2001:41d0::1ad)  77.900 ms
  7. 6  amsix-router.google.com (2001:7f8:1::a501:5169:1)  77.248 ms  134.847 ms  134.626 ms
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如果需要修改IPv6配置,可以执行nano /etc/network/interfaces

执行ping6或者traceroute6如果看到:
  1. connect: Network is unreachable
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需要执行命令安装miredo:
apt-get install miredo

要配置miredo,可以执行nano /etc/miredo/miredo.conf

miredo网站:http://www.remlab.net/miredo/


安装Nginx之前,先安装zlib:【如果已经有了,不用安装,只下载源码包,后面安装nginx要用到】
http://www.zlib.net/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/
cd /tmp
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/libpng/zlib/1.2.7/zlib127.zip
unzip zlib127.zip

# 已经有zlib的不继续安装
cd zlib-1.2.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib --enable-shared
make
make test
make install

安装zlibc、zlib1g-dev:
apt-get install zlibc zlib1g-dev

这一步是为了安装python的zlibc的支持,不然后面安装setuptools的时候,会提示出错信息:
  1. zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
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安装libxml2:
http://www.xmlsoft.org/
ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/
http://www.xmlsoft.org/downloads.html
ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/libxml/
cd /tmp
wget ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/libxml/libxml2-sources-2.9.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf libxml2-sources-2.9.0.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.9.0
./configure --enable-shared
make
make check
make install

/usr/local/share/doc/libxml2-2.9.0


apt-get -f install

安装libxslt:
http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/downloads.html
http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/
ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/libxml/
cd /tmp
wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxslt-git-snapshot.tar.gz
tar zxvf libxslt-git-snapshot.tar.gz
cd libxslt-1.1.27
./configure --enable-shared
make
make check
make install

安装python:

先执行:
python -v

一般系统中都已经存在python,执行这个命令可以查看python组件的版本号,并进入python,执行Ctrl + D组合键退出Python;执行whereis python查看python目录,输出:
  1. python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6 /etc/python /etc/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.5 /usr/lib/python2.4 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.5 /usr/lib64/python2.4 /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
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如果系统中不存在python,或者已经存在,都可以下载python最新版源码编译安装:
http://www.python.org/getit/
cd /tmp
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tgz
tar zxvf Python-2.7.3.tgz
cd Python-2.7.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --enable-unicode=ucs4 --enable-shared

# 【之前已经安装zlib和zlibc,这里不再进行修改,不然会出错】
# 修改模块配置,让python支持zlib:
# nano Modules/Setup
# 在454行左右找到:#zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz
# 去掉前面的#注释
# 变成:zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz

make
make test
make install

安装完成,输出信息:
  1. test -d /usr/local/python2.7/lib/pkgconfig || /usr/bin/install -c -d -m 755 /usr/local/python2.7/lib/pkgconfig
  2. rm -f /usr/local/python2.7/lib/pkgconfig/python2.pc
  3. (cd /usr/local/python2.7/lib/pkgconfig; ln -s python-2.7.pc python2.pc)
  4. rm -f /usr/local/python2.7/lib/pkgconfig/python.pc
  5. (cd /usr/local/python2.7/lib/pkgconfig; ln -s python2.pc python.pc)
  6. /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ./Misc/python.man \
  7.                 /usr/local/python2.7/share/man/man1/python2.7.1
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查看库信息,执行:
file python

输出:
  1. python: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, not stripped
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对于系统中本来已经存在的python,新安装python后,需要修改一下系统中python命令的链接:
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2.7

测试一下程序运行情况,执行:
python

如果出现:
  1. python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
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【方案一,不使用此方案,这里也可以用方案二通过,不过后面安装Twisted的时候会出错】出错信息的解决办法:
whereis libpython2.7.so.1.0

输出:
  1. libpython2.7.so.1: /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0
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【这个可以忽略】执行:
chmod +x /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so
chmod +x /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0

再执行:
cp /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/local/lib
cd /usr/local/lib
ln -s libpython2.7.so.1.0 libpython2.7.so

【方案二,可以叠加方案一】出现这个错误信息,执行:
nano /etc/ld.so.conf

添加一行:
/usr/local/python2.7/lib

保存后,再执行:
/sbin/ldconfig
/sbin/ldconfig -v

可以查看库信息

这时候,再执行:
python

正常进入,输出:

  1. Python 2.7.3 (default, Sep 20 2012, 07:48:33)
  2. [GCC 4.4.5] on linux2
  3. Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  4. >>>
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使用Ctrl + D组合键退出python


Python安装完毕后,还需要安装用来设置python的工具:setuptools,包含easy_install可以用来安装Python第三方扩展包
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools/
http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.7/s/setuptools/
http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#command-line-options
http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cppeak3.html

忽略:
cd /tmp
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.7/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
mkdir -p /usr/local/python2.7/setuptools/lib/python2.7/site-packages
sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7/setuptools

执行:
cd /tmp
wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
python ez_setup.py

输出:
  1. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
  2. Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
  3. Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
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【这个可以忽略】执行:
sh /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg

输出:
  1. Processing setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
  2. setuptools 0.6c11 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
  3. Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin
  4. Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin

  5. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
  6. Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
  7. Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
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至此,setuptools安装成功,如果安装出错不成功,也可以跳过这个setuptools和easy_install的安装;安装成功后,运行python,输入import setuptools和import easy_install分别验证一下有没有错误


安装web.py:
http://webpy.org/
http://webpy.org/install.zh-cn
http://webpy.org/docs/0.3/tutorial.zh-cn
https://github.com/webpy/webpy
http://webpy.org/cookbook/mod_wsgi-nginx
cd /tmp
wget http://webpy.org/static/web.py-0.37.tar.gz
tar zxvf web.py-0.37.tar.gz
cd web.py-0.37
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

最后输出:
  1. running install_egg_info
  2. Writing /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/web.py-0.37-py2.7.egg-info
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安装成功;可以输入python命令,之后再输入import web命令,看看有没有错误。
web.py 内置了web服务器,可以写一个简单的code.py应用,然后使用python code.py命令启动web.py内置的服务器,打开你的浏览器输入 http://localhost:8080/ 查看页面。 若要制定另外的端口,使用 python code.py 1234。


安装Spawn-fcgi:
http://www.lighttpd.net/
http://www.lighttpd.net/download
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/spawn-fcgi/wiki
http://download.lighttpd.net/spawn-fcgi/
cd /tmp
wget http://download.lighttpd.net/spawn-fcgi/releases-1.6.x/spawn-fcgi-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf spawn-fcgi-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd spawn-fcgi-1.6.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/spawn-fcgi --bindir=/usr/bin --libdir=/usr/lib
make
make check
make install

# 建立链接【输入spawn-fcgi命令执行,如果打开,这一步忽略】
ln -s /usr/local/spawn-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi /usr/bin/

安装Django:
https://www.djangoproject.com/
https://www.djangoproject.com/download/
cd /tmp
wget http://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/1.4/Django-1.4.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf Django-1.4.1.tar.gz
cd Django-1.4.1
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

最后两行输出:
  1. running install_egg_info
  2. Writing /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info
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成功安装,可以运行python命令,再输入import django验证一下有没有错误



安装uWSGI:
http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/
http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/
http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpUwsgiModule
http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/wiki
http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/wiki/Quickstart
cd /tmp
wget http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf uwsgi-latest.tar.gz
cd uwsgi-1.2.6
python uwsgiconfig.py --build
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

最后两行输出:
  1. Copying uWSGI.egg-info to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/uWSGI-1.2.6-py2.7.egg-info
  2. running install_scripts
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【以下步骤省略】
mkdir /usr/local/uwsgi
cd ..
cp -r uwsgi-1.2.6 /usr/local/uwsgi/bin

【以下步骤省略】
mkdir -p /usr/local/uwsgi/conf
mkdir -p /usr/local/uwsgi/logs
【以下步骤省略】
cp welcome.ini /usr/local/uwsgi/bin/welcome.ini
cp uwsgi.xml /usr/local/uwsgi/bin/uwsgi.xml


【以下步骤省略】
nano /usr/local/uwsgi/bin/uwsgi.xml
【以下步骤省略】
# <uwsgi>和</uwsgi>之间写入内容:
<listen>200</listen>
<master>true</master>
<pidfile>/usr/local/uwsgi/logs/uwsgi.pid</pidfile>
<processes>8</processes>

<pythonpath>/usr/local/python_web/www</pythonpath>
<pythonpath>/usr/local/python_web/</pythonpath>

<module>django_wsgi</module>
<profiler>true</profiler>
<memory-report>true</memory-report>
<enable-threads>true</enable-threads>
<logdate>true</logdate>
<limit-as>6048</limit-as>
<daemonize>/usr/local/uwsgi/logs/django.log</daemonize>



安装flup<前面没有安装成功setuptools的在这里跳过>:flup是用python实现的WSGI(网页网关接口)
http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/dist/
http://flup.org/
http://trac.saddi.com/flup
cd /tmp
wget http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/dist/flup-1.0.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf flup-1.0.2.tar.gz
cd flup-1.0.2
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

最后三行输出:
  1. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.7.egg
  2. Processing dependencies for flup==1.0.2
  3. Finished processing dependencies for flup==1.0.2
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成功后,可以运行python命令,再输入import flup验证一下有没有错误



【可有可无】安装libevent
http://libevent.org/
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.20-stable.tar.gz
tar zxvf libevent-2.0.20-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-2.0.20-stable
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent --enable-shared
make
make check
make install

【可有可无】安装gevent:
http://www.gevent.org/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/gevent#downloads
cd /tmp
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/g/gevent/gevent-0.13.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf gevent-0.13.8.tar.gz
cd gevent-0.13.8
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

【可有可无】安装memcached:
http://memcached.org/
https://code.google.com/p/memcached/
cd /tmp
wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
tar zxvf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.4.15
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
make
make test
make install

【可有可无,推荐安装】安装sqlalchemy:
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/sqlalchemy/
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/download.html
cd /tmp
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/0.7.8/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf SQLAlchemy-0.7.8.tar.gz
cd SQLAlchemy-0.7.8
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

build命令之后出现:
  1. ***************************************************************************
  2. WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.
  3. Plain-Python build succeeded.
  4. ***************************************************************************
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有点小小的错误,不过不影响安装,因为毕竟显示了“Plain-Python build succeeded”,如果没有出现这个,就需要找到那个_speedups.c文件的610行,进行注释或者修改,这里略过不讨论
install命令执行后,安装结束,还是会出现警告提示,但是安装成功:
  1. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py2.7.egg
  2. Processing dependencies for SQLAlchemy==0.7.8
  3. Finished processing dependencies for SQLAlchemy==0.7.8
  4. ***************************************************************************
  5. WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.
  6. Plain-Python build succeeded.
  7. ***************************************************************************


安装mysql.

【略过,需要先安装MySQL】安装MySQLdb:
http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/MySQLdb.html
http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python
cd /tmp
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mysql-python/mysql-python/1.2.3/MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd MySQL-python-1.2.3
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

【可有可无,推荐安装】安装Twisted:
http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/
cd /tmp
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/T/Twisted/Twisted-12.2.0.tar.bz2
bzip2 -d Twisted-12.2.0.tar.bz2
tar xvf Twisted-12.2.0.tar
cd Twisted-12.2.0
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

前面安装python之后执行python命令后,出现错误的方案一如果没有进行的话,这里build执行后会出错:
  1. /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpython2.7
  2. collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
  3. error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
复制代码
解决办法:执行前面python安装后的方案一
Twisted安装成功后的最后一段输出信息:
  1. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zope.interface-4.0.1-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg
  2. Searching for setuptools==0.6c11
  3. Best match: setuptools 0.6c11
  4. Processing setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
  5. setuptools 0.6c11 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
  6. Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin
  7. Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin

  8. Using /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
  9. Finished processing dependencies for Twisted==12.2.0
复制代码
要验证是否正确,可以执行python命令,然后执行import twisted命令即可


【可有可无,推荐安装】安装python-memcached:
http://www.tummy.com/Community/software/python-memcached/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-memcached/
cd /tmp
wget ftp://ftp.tummy.com/pub/python-memcached/python-memcached-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf python-memcached-latest.tar.gz
cd python-memcached-1.48
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

安装成功最后几行输出:
  1. Copying python_memcached-1.48-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages
  2. Adding python-memcached 1.48 to easy-install.pth file

  3. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/python_memcached-1.48-py2.7.egg
  4. Processing dependencies for python-memcached==1.48
  5. Finished processing dependencies for python-memcached==1.48
复制代码


【可有可无,推荐安装】安装Python Imaging Library(PIL):
http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
cd /tmp
wget http://effbot.org/downloads/Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
tar zxvf Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
cd Imaging-1.1.7
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

最后几行输出:
  1. running install_egg_info
  2. Writing /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PIL/PIL-1.1.7-py2.7.egg-info
  3. creating /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PIL.pth
复制代码
要验证,可以执行python命令进入后,执行import PIL命令



【可有可无,推荐安装】安装simplejson:
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/simplejson/
http://code.google.com/p/simplejson/
https://github.com/simplejson/simplejson/
http://simplejson.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html
http://json.org/json-zh.html
http://undefined.org/python/
cd /tmp
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/simplejson/simplejson-2.6.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf simplejson-2.6.1.tar.gz
cd simplejson-2.6.1
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

最后两行输出:
  1. running install_egg_info
  2. Writing /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/simplejson-2.6.1-py2.7.egg-info
复制代码
可以执行python命令后,执行import simplejson进行验证


【可有可无】安装cherrypy:
http://www.cherrypy.org/
http://download.cherrypy.org/cherrypy/3.2.2/
cd /tmp
wget http://download.cherrypy.org/cherrypy/3.2.2/CherryPy-3.2.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf CherryPy-3.2.2.tar.gz
cd CherryPy-3.2.2
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

安装输出最后一段:
  1. Processing CherryPy-3.2.2-py2.7.egg
  2. creating /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/CherryPy-3.2.2-py2.7.egg
  3. Extracting CherryPy-3.2.2-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages
  4. Adding CherryPy 3.2.2 to easy-install.pth file
  5. Installing cherryd script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin

  6. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/CherryPy-3.2.2-py2.7.egg
  7. Processing dependencies for CherryPy==3.2.2
  8. Finished processing dependencies for CherryPy==3.2.2
复制代码



【可有可无,未安装】安装tornado:
http://www.tornadoweb.org/
https://github.com/facebook/tornado
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/tornado
http://www.tornadoweb.org/documentation/index.html
http://www.tornadoweb.cn/
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/downloads/facebook/tornado/tornado-2.4.tar.gz
tar xvzf tornado-2.4.tar.gz
cd tornado-2.4
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

安装输出最后一段:
  1. Processing tornado-2.4-py2.7.egg
  2. creating /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-2.4-py2.7.egg
  3. Extracting tornado-2.4-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages
  4. Adding tornado 2.4 to easy-install.pth file

  5. Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-2.4-py2.7.egg
  6. Processing dependencies for tornado==2.4
  7. Finished processing dependencies for tornado==2.4
复制代码
运行python后可以执行import tornado命令验证


安装PostgresSQL.
【略过,要先安装PostgreSQL才能安装这个】安装psycopg2:Python连PostgreSQL要psycopg2模块
http://initd.org/psycopg/
http://initd.org/psycopg/tarballs/
cd /tmp
wget http://initd.org/psycopg/tarballs/psycopg2-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf psycopg2-latest.tar.gz
cd psycopg2-2.4.5
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

成功后,可以运行python命令,再输入import psycopg2验证一下有没有错误


【可有可无】安装eurasia:
http://code.google.com/p/eurasia/
http://code.google.com/p/eurasia/wiki/eurasia_3_1_userguide
cd /tmp
wget http://eurasia.googlecode.com/files/eurasia-3.1-snapshot.tar.bz2
tar jxf eurasia-3.1-snapshot.tar.bz2
cd eurasia-3.1-snapshot
python setup.py install

安装pyopenssl:
http://pyopenssl.sourceforge.net/
http://packages.python.org/pyOpenSSL/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyOpenSSL
cd /tmp
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pyOpenSSL/pyOpenSSL-0.13.tar.gz
tar zxvf pyOpenSSL-0.13.tar.gz
cd pyOpenSSL-0.13
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

安装scrapy:
http://scrapy.org/
https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy
http://scrapy.org/download/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Scrapy
cd /tmp
wget https://nodeload.github.com/scrapy/scrapy/tarball/0.14


安装pymongo:
http://api.mongodb.org/python/current/
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pymongo/

Python和相关部件已经安装完毕,接下来,安装前端服务器之一:Lighttpd,解析py脚本,进行80端口对外服务

有说Lighttpd运行需要libpcre和libz,前面安装的pcre即是libpcre:http://www.pcre.org/
安装libz:http://www.zlib.net/
libz即是zlib,前面也已经安装过了


安装Nginx之前,安装openssl,如果要让lighttpd也支持ssl功能,也要先安装openssl,安装openssl之前,先执行openssl命令,如果已经存在,会自动进入,执行exit命令退出
系统已经存在openssl的话,需要执行whereis openssl命令,查看openssl所在的目录,执行后可以看到:
  1. openssl: /usr/bin/openssl /usr/share/man/man1/openssl.1ssl.gz
复制代码
系统中没有openssl存在的情况下,需要新安装【如果已经有了,仍然要下载源码包,后面安装nginx要用到】
http://www.openssl.org/
http://www.openssl.org/docs/
http://www.openssl.org/source/
ftp://ftp.openssl.org/source/
cd /tmp
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz
tar zxvf openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz

# 已经有openssl可以不继续安装
cd openssl-1.0.1c
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make
make test
make install

配置文件位于:/usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf



安装autoconf:
apt-get install autoconf

安装lighttpd:
http://www.lighttpd.net/
http://www.lighttpd.net/download
http://download.lighttpd.net/lighttpd/
http://webpy.org/cookbook/fastcgi-lighttpd.zh-cn
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/InstallFromSource
cd /tmp
wget http://download.lighttpd.net/lighttpd/releases-1.4.x/lighttpd-1.4.31.tar.bz2
tar jxf lighttpd-1.4.31.tar.bz2
cd lighttpd-1.4.31
# 可以先执行./configure --help查看配置帮助
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd --with-zlib --with-openssl --enable-shared --with-ldap --with-memcache --with-pcre
# 备用./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lighttpd --with-zlib --with-openssl --enable-shared --with-ldap --with-memcache --without-pcre --without-bzip2
# --with-pcre这个不能少,在这里配置出错:configure: error: pcre-config not found, install the pcre-devel package or build with --without-pcre
# --with-openssl也可以带上路径,--with-openssl=/usr/bin/openssl具体目录依照实际情况配置
# 如果已经安装mysql,可以使用--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
# 整合php的时候,使用--enable-fastcgi不能指定 --with-apxs选项【别处看到的,未经验证】
make
make check
make install

程序位置:
/usr/local/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd

lighttpd的配置文件目录需要手动创建:
mkdir /etc/lighttpd

主配置文件放置位置:
/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

复制配置文件:
cp doc/config/lighttpd.conf /etc/lighttpd
cp doc/config/modules.conf /etc/lighttpd

cp -r doc/config/conf.d /etc/lighttpd
cp -r doc/config/vhosts.d /etc/lighttpd
chmod 777 /etc/lighttpd/vhosts.d

cp doc/scripts/spawn-php.sh /usr/local/lighttpd/
cp doc/scripts/rrdtool-graph.sh /usr/local/lighttpd/

创建用户组和用户:
groupadd lighttpd
useradd -g lighttpd lighttpd

配置文件备份:
cp /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf.bak

配置过程很麻烦,放到最后进行,继续向下,安装nginx


nginx运行需要:gzip module requires zlib library、rewrite module requires pcre library、ssl support requires openssl library

所需要的准备工作前面都已经完成


安装cmake2.8.4或更高:
http://www.cmake.org
http://cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html
# 这个太陈旧了 apt-get install cmake
# apt-get remove cmake

cd /tmp
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.9.tar.gz
tar zxvf cmake-2.8.9.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.9
./configure
# --prefix=/usr/local/cmake
make
make test
make install

安装目录:/usr/local/share/cmake-2.8



【这一段为hiawatha而写,放弃】

安装前端服务器之一:hiawatha,进行80端口对外服务,之前的lighttpd方案放弃
http://www.hiawatha-webserver.org/
http://www.hiawatha-webserver.org/files/
http://www.hiawatha-webserver.org/download
http://files.tuxhelp.org/hiawatha/
此方法不适用
cd /tmp
wget http://www.hiawatha-webserver.org/files/hiawatha-8.5.tar.gz
# wget http://files.tuxhelp.org/hiawatha/hiawatha-8.5.tar.gz
tar zxvf hiawatha-8.5.tar.gz
cd hiawatha-8.5
apt-get install libc6-dev libssl-dev dpkg-dev debhelper fakeroot libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev build-essentail

cmake -DENABLE_CACHE=ON -DENABLE_CHROOT=on -DENABLE_IPV6=ON -DENABLE_MONITOR=on -DENABLE_RPROXY=ON -DENABLE_SSL=ON -DENABLE_TOMAHAWK=on -DENABLE_TOOLKIT=ON -DENABLE_XSLT=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/hiawatha -DCMAKE_INSTALL_SYSCONFDIR=/etc

make
make check
make install

deb包安装方法:

wget http://files.tuxhelp.org/hiawatha/hiawatha_8.5_amd64.deb
dpkg -i hiawatha_8.5_amd64.deb


安装前端服务器之二:Nginx,进行8080端口对外服务

安装nginx:
http://nginx.org/en/
http://nginx.org/cn/
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
http://nginx.org/cn/docs/
cd /tmp
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.3

【--with-pcre=这里是需要设定源码目录,不是安装后的目录,--with-zlib=和--with-openssl=都是,前面没有下载的,需要下载,并且解压缩,不用安装】

#可以使用./configure --help命令查看帮助
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-zlib=/tmp/zlib-1.2.7 --with-pcre=/tmp/pcre-8.31/ --with-openssl=/tmp/openssl-1.0.1c --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-rtsig_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-ipv6
make
make install

为nginx运行创建用户组和用户:
groupadd nginx
useradd -g nginx nginx

配置文件位于/usr/local/nginx/conf目录中

执行命令备份一下nginx.conf文件:
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

编辑nginx配置文件:
nano /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

找到:
  1.     #user  nobody;

  2. 然后再找到:

  3.     server {
  4.         listen       80;
  5.         server_name  localhost;

  6.         #charset koi8-r;

  7.         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

  8.         location / {
  9.             root   html;
  10.             index  index.html index.htm;
  11.         }

  12.         #error_page  404              /404.html;

  13.         # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  14.         #
  15.         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  16.         location = /50x.html {
  17.             root   html;
  18.         }
复制代码

修改为:
    user  nginx;

# 剩下部分:

server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  /var/log/host.access.log;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

保存配置

测试nginx配置文件:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果输出:
  1. nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  2. nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
复制代码

说明配置正确;配置文件示例:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExample

【这一段为lighttpd而写,放弃】

创建web服务器网页文件目录:
mkdir -p /srv/www/htdocs

修改lighttpd模块配置文件:
cp /etc/lighttpd/modules.conf /etc/lighttpd/modules.conf.bak
# 先备份一份

nano /etc/lighttpd/modules.conf

找到:
server.modules = (
  "mod_access",
#  "mod_alias",
#  "mod_auth",
#  "mod_evasive",
#  "mod_redirect",
#  "mod_rewrite",
#  "mod_setenv",
#  "mod_usertrack",
)

修改为:
server.modules = (
"mod_access",
"mod_alias",
"mod_rewrite",
"mod_fastcgi",
"mod_evasive",
#  "mod_alias",
#  "mod_auth",
#  "mod_evasive",
#  "mod_redirect",
#  "mod_rewrite",
#  "mod_setenv",
#  "mod_usertrack",
)

编辑lighttpd主配置文件:
nano /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

找到:
#server.bind = "localhost"

index-file.names += (
  "index.xhtml", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", "index.php"
)

static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi", ".scgi" )

server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/tmp" )

修改为:
server.bind = "localhost"

index-file.names += (
  "index.xhtml", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", "index.php", "index.py"
)

static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi", ".scgi", ".py" )

server.upload-dirs = ( "/var/tmp" )

手动建立log文件:
mkdir /var/log/lighttpd
chmod 777 /var/log/lighttpd
touch /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
chmod 666 /var/log/lighttpd/error.log

在站点根目录创建一个python测试示例test11:
cd /srv/www/htdocs
/usr/local/python2.7/bin/django-admin.py startproject test11
建立localhost的fcgi文件:
nano localhost.fcgi

#!/usr/local/python2.7
import sys, os

# Add a custom Python path.
sys.path.insert(0, "/usr/local/python2.7")

# Switch to the directory of your project. (Optional.)
# os.chdir("/usr/htdocs/test1") 

# Set the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable.
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = "localhost.settings"

from django.core.servers.fastcgi import runfastcgi
runfastcgi(method="threaded", daemonize="false")

chmod +x test11/manage.py
test11/manage.py runfcgi method=prefork socket=/tmp/test11.sock pidfile=django.pid


修改lighttpd配置文件:
nano /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
找到
server.document-root = server_root + "/htdocs"
后面加入:
fastcgi.server = (
"/localhost.fcgi" => (
"main" => (
"socket" => "/tmp/test11.sock",
"check-local" => "disable"
)
)
)
url.rewrite = (
"^(/site_media/.*)$" => "$1",
"^(/.*)$" => "/localhost.fcgi$1"
)




【创建虚拟主机】
创建普通用户名,以普通用户身份创建web虚拟主机目录:
useradd -d /home/net73yi -m net73yi
chown net73yi -R /home/net73yi
passwd net73yi
su - net73yi
mkdir -p html/demo73yi
chmod 777 html/demo73yi

普通用户身份创建虚拟主机配置文件:
nano /etc/lighttpd/vhosts.d/demo.urdomain.com.conf
# 写入内容:

$HTTP["host"] == "demo.urdomain.com" {
  var.server_name = "demo.urdomain.com"

  server.name = server_name
  server.document-root = "/path/to/ur-document-root"

#  server.document-root = vhosts_dir + "/example.com/download/htdocs"
  ##
  ## use a seperate access log file
  ## At the moment you cant have different error log files.
  accesslog.filename          = log_root + "/" + server_name "/access.log"
}

#$SERVER["socket"] == "127.0.0.1:443" {
#  server.name = "localhost"
#  ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/lighttpd-localhost.pem"
#  ssl.engine  = "enable"
#
#  server.document-root = vhosts_dir + "/ssl-localhost/pages/"
#}

启动lighttpd:
/usr/local/lighttpd/sbin/lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

输出:
2012-09-22 06:44:52: (plugin.c.131) Cannot load plugin mod_accesslog more than once, please fix your config (we may not accept such configs in future releases
2012-09-22 06:44:52: (network.c.260) warning: please use server.use-ipv6 only for hostnames, not without server.bind / empty address; your config will break if the kernel default for IPV6_V6ONLY changes
2012-09-22 06:44:52: (log.c.118) opening errorlog '/var/log/lighttpd/error.log' failed: No such file or directory


执行命令复制一个mtr6文件:
【此处mtr目录依据实际情况进行配置,如果是自己编译安装的,就把目录修改成自己安装的目录,系统自带的可以通过whereis mtr命令查询】
cp /usr/bin/mtr /usr/bin/mtr6

下载transitlg:
cd /root
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/transitlg/transitlg.zip
unzip transitlg.zip
cd transitlg
chmod +x transitlg.py
chmod +x run.sh

复制transitlg目录到站点目录:
暂停,这里的站点目录是lighttpd的目录.