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Tuesday 30 May 2023

SVN/CVS的开源Web界面ViewVC

 

ViewVC （原名ViewCVS）是基于Python编写的SVN和CVS版本控制系统的Web前端，ViewVC可浏览版本库中的目录/文件、以及每个文件的历史版本记录等，同时还可以显示和下载文件等操作。如果使用CVS，还可以和CvsGraph整合，以图形方式展现。

官网：http://www.viewvc.org/
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 ViewVC is a browser interface for CVS and Subversion version control repositories. 

ViewVC - Version Control Browser Interface

ViewVC is a browser interface for CVS and Subversion version control repositories. It generates templatized HTML to present navigable directory, revision, and change log listings. It can display specific versions of files as well as diffs between those versions. Basically, ViewVC provides the bulk of the report-like functionality you expect out of your version control tool, but much more prettily than the average textual command-line program output.

Features

  • Support CVS and Subversion repositories.
    • Filesystem-accessible CVS repositories (with limited CVSNT support).
    • Filesystem-accessible and remote Subversion repositories.
  • Path-based authorization, including Subversion access file support.
  • Template-driven output generation.
  • Line-based annotation/blame display.
  • Syntax highlighting support.
  • Colorized, side-by-side differences.
  • Revision graph capabilities (via integration with cvsgraph) (CVS only).
  • Individually configurable virtual host support.
  • Tarball generation.
    • By tag/branch for CVS.
    • By revision and (sub)directory for Subversion.
  • Optional commits database and query interface.
    • Supports file-based commits for both CVS and Subversion.
    • RSS feed generation for committed changes.
  • Localization support based on the Accept-Language request header.
  • Regexp-based file filtering.
  • Ability to run either as CGI script or as a standalone server.
  • File-based configuration (no code tweaks required)!

Requirements

The only hard software requirement for running ViewVC is a suitable version of Python. The specifics of that, as well as all other requirements, depend on what you want to do with the tool. As those have changed somewhat over the years, it's best to consult the INSTALL file of the specific ViewVC release you wish to evaluate for its exact requirements. Here are pointers to the INSTALL files for the current major release lines:

Getting ViewVC

Official ViewVC release archives are available for download at http://viewvc.org/downloads/. To see what changes have been included in the release, see the CHANGES file.

Un-official nightly builds are available at http://viewvc.org/nightly/

from https://github.com/viewvc/viewvc

----------------------------------------------

Contents

To The Impatient

Congratulations on getting this far. :-)

Required packages

ViewVC requires some additional software in order to operate, depending on what you want to do with it.

Minimum requirements:

For CVS support:

For Subversion support:

Strongly recommended:

There are a number of additional packages that you might need in order to enable additional features of ViewVC. Please see the relevant sections of this document for details.

Basic installation

To start installing right away (on UNIX), run ./viewvc-install from the top directory of the ViewVC software package (or source code checkout), answering the prompts as appropriate.

$ ./viewvc-install

When it finishes, edit the file viewvc.conf that gets created in the installation directory. At a minimum, you'll want to tell ViewVC where to find your repositories. (We'll assume hereafter for the purpose of our examples that you've installed ViewVC into <VIEWVC_DIR>.)

Once installed, you need to expose your ViewVC installation as a web-accessible service. ViewVC ships with a simple standalone server program. While we don't recommend using it for a production deployment, it can be useful for quickly testing that ViewVC is operational and properly configured. You can run that server from the command-line, pointing it to your configuration file:

$ <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/standalone.py

For production-quality hosting of ViewVC as a service, you'll want to integrate ViewVC with a web server capable of running CGI or WSGI programs (such as Apache HTTP Server). We'll discuss the various options for doing so in subsequent sections of this document.

Installing ViewVC

Installation of ViewVC is handled by the viewvc-install script. When you run this script, you will be prompted for an installation root path. The default is /usr/local/viewvc-VERSION (where VERSION is the version of this ViewVC release). Be advised that the installer actually writes the installation path into some of the installed files, so ViewVC cannot be trivially moved to a different path after the install.

viewvc-install will create any intermediate directories required. It will prompt before overwriting user-managed configuration files that may have been modified (such as viewvc.conf or the view templates), thus making it safe to install over the top of a previous installation. It will always overwrite program files, however.

While installation into /usr/local typically requires superuser priveleges ('root'), ViewVC does not have to be installed as root, nor does it run as root. It is just as valid to place ViewVC in a specific user's home directory, too.

NOTE: If your system uses a restrictive umask, you might need to adjust the permissions of the directory structure that viewvc-install creates so that, for example, the modules in the lib/ subdirectory are actually readable by the main programs in the bin/ subdirectory.

Configuring ViewVC

ViewVC configuration lives in the file viewvc.conf, generally located in the root of your installation directory. Edit this file with the text editor of your choice in order to modify ViewVC's behavior.

In particular, you'll want to examine the following configuration options:

  • cvs_roots (for individual CVS repositories)
  • svn_roots (for individual Subversion repositories)
  • root_parents (for collections of CVS or Subversion repositories)
  • rcs_dir (for CVS support)

There are some other options that are usually nice to change. See viewvc.conf for more information. ViewVC provides a working, default look. However, if you want to customize the look of ViewVC, edit the files in <VIEWVC_DIR>/templates. You need knowledge about HTML to edit the templates.

NOTE: For security reasons, don't install ViewVC in such a way that its configuration file becomes itself web-accessible, as that file may contain system path information as well as database authentication credentials that should not be public knowledge!

Serving CVS Repositories

In order to server CVS repositories, ViewVC needs to be able to run the RCS utility binaries (co, rlog, etc.). If these programs aren't installed in the typical system executable path locations, use the rcs_bin configuration option in viewvc.conf to tell ViewVC where to look for them.

You'll also need to tell ViewVC where to find your CVS repositories. Use the cvs_roots configuration option to list individual CVS repositories that you wish to expose through ViewVC, or see the root_parents option for a quick way to tell ViewVC to consider all the subdirecties of a given "parent" directory as CVS repositories.

NOTE: It is common to find on a given system a single monolithic CVS repository, with dozens of individual top-level modules for each distinct project. If you point ViewVC to that repository directory using cvs_roots, it will show a single repository to your users. However, you can choose instead to use the root_parents configuration option, pointing at the same repository directory, to cause ViewVC to present those top-level modules as if they were instead each their own CVS repository.

Serving Subversion Repositories

Unlike the CVS integration, which simply wraps the RCS and CVS utility programs, the Subversion integration requires additional Python libraries. To use ViewVC with Subversion, make sure you have both Subversion itself and the Subversion Python bindings installed. These can be obtained through typical package distribution mechanisms, or may be build from source. (See the files INSTALL and subversion/bindings/swig/INSTALL in the Subversion source tree for more details on how to build and install Subversion and its Python bindings.)

Generally speaking, you'll know that your installation of Subversion's bindings has been successful if you can import the svn.core module from within your Python interpreter. Here's an example of doing so which doubles as a quick way to check what version of the Subversion Python binding you have:

% python
Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:44:02) 
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from svn.core import *
>>> "%s.%s.%s" % (SVN_VER_MAJOR, SVN_VER_MINOR, SVN_VER_PATCH)
'1.14.0'
>>>

Note that by default, Subversion installs its bindings in a location that is not in Python's default module search path (for example, on Linux systems the default is usually /usr/local/lib/svn-python). You need to remedy this, either by adding this path to Python's module search path, or by relocating the bindings to some place in that search path.

For example, you might want to create a .pth file in your Python installation directory's site-packages area which tells Python where to find additional modules (in this case, your Subversion Python bindings). You would do this as follows (and as root):

$ echo "/path/to/svn/bindings" > /path/to/python/site-packages/svn.pth

(Though, obviously, with the correct paths specified.)

Configuration of the Subversion repositories happens in much the same way as with CVS repositories, except with the svn_roots configuration variable instead of the cvs_roots one.

Running ViewVC Under Apache

Requires:

By far, the most common way to deploy ViewVC is as a script running behind a gateway interface of a web server such as Apache HTTP Server. In this section, we'll discuss the various ways in which you can do precisely that. Before we continue, though, there are a few requirements common to all of these approaches.

First, you'll need to be familiar with how to configure Apache HTTP Server in general on your platform. This web server product is highly modularized. Its configuration is often segmented across many files. Additionally, each of the binary modules that breathe life into Apache's vast feature set is typically installed as a separate package, with its own configuration stub(s) making up some of that segmented configuration. But the details of that segmentation differ across various operating system flavors.

For example, a common modern installation of Apache on a CentOS system will have its basic configuration in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. But that file will "include" additional module-specific configuration files from /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/, plus higher-level configuration from /etc/httpd/conf.d/.

On a Debian-based system, you'll often find the primary configuration in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf, with a symlink-driven system for managing the optional pieces in /etc/apache2/conf-available and /etc/apache2/conf-enabled; /etc/apache2/mods-available and /etc/apache2/mods-enabled; and /etc/apache2/sites-available and /etc/apache2/sites-enabled.

As you can imagine, it's hard to write specific configuration instructions here with that much variation. For the purposes of our instructions, we'll simply refer to httpd.conf as a generic name for "the set of all files that make up your Apache HTTP Server configuration".

One thing common to all of the various ViewVC deployment options under Apache, though, is that you need to grant permission for site visitors to access anything at all associated with your ViewVC installation directory. So, in your httpd.conf, add configuration such as this:

<Directory <VIEWVC_DIR>>
    ### For Apache 2.4.x, uncomment this:
    # Require all granted

    ### For Apache 2.2.x, uncomment these instead:
    # Order allow,deny
    # Allow from all
</Directory>

...where, again, <VIEWVC_DIR> is the directory into which you've install ViewVC.

In the subsections below, we'll discuss the various options you have for running ViewVC in specific ways under Apache. After you've configured Apache using the approach you desire, be sure to restart the Apache service.

You should also consider protecting your ViewVC instance from server-whacking webcrawlers. As ViewVC is a web-based application which each page containing various links to other pages and views, you can expect your server's performance to suffer if a webcrawler finds your ViewVC instance and begins traversing those links. We highly recommend that you add your ViewVC location to a site-wide robots.txt file. See Robots.txt for more information.

CGI Mode

Requires:

  • mod_cgi (generally included with Apache itself)

To run ViewVC under Apache HTTP Server in CGI mode, you need to first ensure that Apache can execute CGI scripts at all. In your httpd.conf (or one of its included files), load the CGI module if it isn't already loaded.

LoadModule cgi_module libexec/mod_cgi.so

There are a handful of different ways now to tell Apache where and how to expose your ViewVC service. The easiest is to use the ScriptAlias directive:

ScriptAlias /viewvc <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/cgi/viewvc.cgi

This tells Apache that incoming requests aimed at the URL /viewvc (or any children thereof) should be passed off to ViewVC's CGI wrapper script for handling.

Another way to expose ViewVC as a CGI script is to copy the bin/cgi/viewvc.cgi script into a server-wide common cgi-bin location was has been configured to treat the executable files found therein as programs. Another is to expose it using the Apache Options +ExecCGI and AddHandler cgi-script .cgi directives when it's been installed in a more generally web-accessible server location. Consult the wealth of knowledge around these approaches available online for details.

WSGI mode

Requires:

To run ViewVC under Apache HTTP Server in WSGI mode, you need to first ensure that Apache can execute WSGI programs. It does this using mod_wsgi, which is typically not included in the main Apache installation package. So first, ensure that mod_wsgi is installed on your system.

Then, in your httpd.conf (or one of its included files), load the WSGI module if it isn't already loaded.

LoadModule wsgi_module libexec/mod_wsgi.so

Now, again in httpd.conf, expose ViewVC's WSGI wrapper program at the URL of your choice:

WSGIScriptAlias /viewvc <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/wsgi/viewvc.wsgi

You'll probably also need the following directive because of the not-quite-sanctioned way that ViewVC manipulates Python objects.

WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

FastCGI mode

Requires:

FastCGI mode uses ViewVC's WSGI support, but supports using FastCGI, and is a somewhat hybrid approach of several of the above methods. Using this mode is convenient if you are already using FastCGI to serve up other types of services (such as PHP-based ones) from your web server and don't wish to load additional modules.

In your httpd.conf (or one of its included files), load the FastCGI daemon module if it isn't already loaded.

LoadModule fcgid_module libexec/mod_fcgid.so

Now, again in httpd.conf, expose ViewVC's FastCGI wrapper program at the URL of your choice:

ScriptAlias /viewvc <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/wsgi/viewvc.fcgi

Additional Apache Considerations

There are a number of other things you can do to improve your Apache-based ViewVC deployment. We'll cover some of them here.

Direct static document access

ViewVC's HTML templates reference various stylesheets and icons provided by ViewVC itself. By default, ViewVC generates URLs to those artifacts which point back into ViewVC (using a magic syntax); ViewVC in turn handles such magic URL requests by streaming back the contents of the requested icon or stylesheet file. While this simplifies the configuration and initial deployment of ViewVC, it's not the most efficient approach to deliver what is essentially static content.

To improve performance, consider carving out a URL space in your webserver's configuration solely for this static content and instruct ViewVC to use that space when generating URLs for that content. For example, you might add an Alias such as the following to your httpd.conf:

Alias /viewvc-docroot <VIEWVC_DIR>/templates/default/docroot

And then, in viewvc.conf, set the docroot option to the same location:

docroot = /viewvc-docroot

WARNING: As always when using Alias directives, be careful that you have them in the correct order. For example, if you use an ordering such as the following, Apache will hand requests for your static documents off to ViewVC as if they were versioned resources:

ScriptAlias  /viewvc         <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/wsgi/viewvc.wsgi
Alias        /viewvc/static  <VIEWVC_DIR>/templates/default/docroot

The correct order would be:

Alias        /viewvc/static  <VIEWVC_DIR>/templates/default/docroot
ScriptAlias  /viewvc         <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/wsgi/viewvc.wsgi

(Of course, it's best to avoid such namespace nesting altogether if you can.)

Access control

ViewVC support a number of path-based authorization approaches for your repositories, some of which require knowledge of username of the person who is accessing your ViewVC instance. You can configure Apache to require a username and password for ViewVC site visitors using it's password-file-based (or another) authentication feature:

<Location /viewvc>
    AllowOverride None
    AuthUserFile /path/to/passwd/file
    AuthName "ViewVC Access"
    AuthType Basic
    require valid-user
</Location>

With such configuration in place, your ViewVC users will be required to successfully complete a password challenge before getting access to your ViewVC-exposed version control repository information. Also, you're well-positioned to enable ViewVC's path-based authorization features (see the authorizer configuration option in viewvc.conf), by which you can customize which bits of your version control repositories are exposed to which of your ViewVC users.

ViewVC Standalone Server

ViewVC can be run as a standalone script which uses a simplistic, built-in Python HTTP server. We don't recommend that you use this mode for a production deployment, but it is a handy way to test our your ViewVC configuration without all the additional overhead of installing, configuring, and maintaining a full-fledged web server package.

To run ViewVC's standalone server, simply execute the script from the ViewVC installation directory.

$ <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/standalone.py
server ready at http://localhost:49152/viewvc

By default, the script will expose ViewVC at the above URL. But you can modify the hostname and port to which it binds using the --host and --port command-line options. You can also change the virtual path location from /viewvc to something else with the --script-alias command-line option.

For a full listing of supported command-line options, run the standalone server with --help.

Commits Database

Requires:

This feature is a clone of the Mozilla Project's Bonsai database. It catalogs every commit in the CVS or Subversion repository into a SQL database. In fact, the databases are 100% compatible.

Various queries can be performed on the database. After installing ViewVC, there are some additional steps required to get the database working.

First, create a MySQL user who has permission to create databases. Optionally, you can create a second user with read-only access to the database.

Create your database using the <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/make-database script. It will prompt you for your MySQL user, password, and the name of database you want to create. The database name defaults to "ViewVC". This script creates the database and sets up the empty tables.

Tell ViewVC about your database in your <VIEWVC_DIR>/viewvc.conf file. In the [cvsdb] section, set the following option values:

enabled = 1        # Whether to enable query support in viewvc.cgi
host =             # MySQL database server host
port =             # MySQL database server port (default is 3306)
database_name =    # name of database you created with make-database
user =             # read/write database user
passwd =           # password for read/write database user
readonly_user =    # read-only database user
readonly_passwd =  # password for the read-only user

Note that it's pretty safe in this instance for your read-only user and your read-write user to be the same.

Configure your version control system(s) to publish their commit information to the database. This is done using utilities that ViewVC provides. See the following sections for details.

Publishing CVS commits

Two programs are provided for updating the commits database from a CVS repository, cvsdbadmin and loginfo-handler. They serve two different purposes. The cvsdbadmin program walks through your CVS repository and adds every commit found in every versioned file. This is commonly used for initializing the database from a repository which has been in use. The loginfo-handler script is executed by the CVS server's CVSROOT/loginfo system upon each commit. It makes real-time updates to the commits database as commits are made to the repository.

To build a database of all the commits in the CVS repository located at, say, /opt/cvs/repo, invoke:

$ ./cvsdbadmin rebuild /opt/cvs/repo

If you want to update the commits database with new commits made since your last update thereof, invoke

$ ./cvsdbadmin update /opt/cvs/repo

The update mode checks to see if a commit is already in the database, and only adds it if it is absent.

To get real-time updates, you'll want to checkout the CVSROOT module from your CVS repository and edit CVSROOT/loginfo. For folks running CVS 1.12 or better, add this line:

ALL <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/loginfo-handler %p %{sVv}

If you are running CVS 1.11 or earlier, you'll want a slightly different command line in CVSROOT/loginfo:

ALL <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/loginfo-handler %{sVv}

If you have other scripts invoked by CVSROOT/loginfo, you will want to make sure to change any running under the "DEFAULT" keyword to "ALL" like the loginfo handler, and carefully read the execution rules for CVSROOT/loginfo from the CVS manual.

If you are running the Unix port of CVS-NT, the handler script need to know about it. CVS-NT delivers commit information to loginfo scripts differently than the way mainstream CVS does. Your command line should look like this:

ALL <VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/loginfo-handler %{sVv} cvsnt

Publishing Subversion commits

To build a database of all the commits in the Subversion repository located at, say, /opt/svn/repo, invoke:

./svndbadmin rebuild /opt/svn/repo

If you want to update the database with commits made since the last update thereof, invoke:

./svndbadmin update /opt/svn/repo

To get real time updates, you will need to add more modify the repository's post-commit hook (/opt/svn/repo/hooks/post-commit) to invoke the svndbadmin command.

#!/bin/sh
REPOS="$1"
REV="$2"
<VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/svndbadmin update "$REPOS" "$REV"

If you allow revision property changes in your repository, create a post-revprop-change hook script which uses the same svndbadmin update command as the post-commit script, except with the addition of the --force option:

#!/bin/sh
REPOS="$1"
REV="$2"
<VIEWVC_DIR>/bin/svndbadmin update --force "$REPOS" "$REV"

This will make sure that the commits database stays consistent when you change the "svn:log", "svn:author" or "svn:date" revision properties.

Upgrading ViewVC

See the file upgrading-howto.html in the docs/ subdirectory for information on changes you might need to make as you upgrade from one major version of ViewVC to another.

Getting Help

If nothing seems to work:

  • Verify that you can execute CGI scripts at all. Apache needs to have an ScriptAlias /cgi-bin or cgi-script Handler defined, for example, which are often overlooked. Try to execute a simple CGI-script that often comes with the distribution of the webserver.

  • Review any entries in the webserver's error log.

If ViewVC seems to work, but doesn't show the expected result (for example, your repositories appear empty):

  • Check whether the user as whom ViewVC is running has the required read permission to your repositories. ViewVC generally runs as the same user that the web server does, often user 'nobody' or 'httpd'.

  • Make sure that ViewVC can located your RCS utilities? (edit rcs_dir)

See if your problem has been addressed by the ViewVC FAQ.

Finally, if all else fails, contact the ViewVC development community at https://github.com/viewvc/viewvc/issues.

from https://github.com/viewvc/viewvc/blob/master/INSTALL

 


 


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