(More bash commands: man7 & Die.net, GNU CoreUtils.
SS64 Discussion forum
Links to other Sites, books etc
from https://ss64.com/bash/)
A | ||||
& | Start a new process in the background | |||
alias | Create an alias • | |||
apropos | Search Help manual pages (man -k) | |||
apt | Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) | |||
apt-get | Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) | |||
aptitude | Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) | |||
aspell | Spell Checker | |||
at | Schedule a command to run once at a particular time | |||
awk | Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index | |||
B | ||||
basename | Strip directory and suffix from filenames | |||
base32 | Base32 encode/decode data and print to standard output | |||
base64 | Base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output | |||
bash | GNU Bourne-Again SHell | |||
bc | Arbitrary precision calculator language | |||
bg | Send to background | |||
bind | Set or display readline key and function bindings • | |||
break | Exit from a loop • | |||
builtin | Run a shell builtin | |||
bzip2 | Compress or decompress named file(s) | |||
C | ||||
cal | Display a calendar | |||
caller | Return the context of any active subroutine call • | |||
case | Conditionally perform a command | |||
cat | Concatenate and print (display) the content of files | |||
cd | Change Directory | |||
cfdisk | Partition table manipulator for Linux | |||
chattr | Change file attributes on a Linux file system | |||
chgrp | Change group ownership | |||
chmod | Change access permissions | |||
chown | Change file owner and group | |||
chpasswd | Update passwords in batch mode | |||
chroot | Run a command with a different root directory | |||
chkconfig | System services (runlevel) | |||
cksum | Print CRC checksum and byte counts | |||
clear | Clear the terminal screen/console (ncurses) | |||
clear_console | Clear the terminal screen/console (bash) | |||
cmp | Compare two files | |||
comm | Compare two sorted files line by line | |||
command | Run a command - ignoring shell functions • | |||
continue | Resume the next iteration of a loop • | |||
cp | Copy one or more files to another location | |||
cpio | Copy files to and from archives | |||
cron | Daemon to execute scheduled commands | |||
crontab | Schedule a command to run at a later time | |||
csplit | Split a file into context-determined pieces | |||
curl | Transfer data from or to a server | |||
cut | Divide a file into several parts | |||
D | ||||
date | Display or change the date & time | |||
dc | Desk Calculator | |||
dd | Data Duplicator - convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records | |||
ddrescue | Data recovery tool | |||
declare | Declare variables and give them attributes • | |||
df | Display free disk space | |||
diff | Display the differences between two files | |||
diff3 | Show differences among three files | |||
dig | DNS lookup | |||
dir | Briefly list directory contents | |||
dircolors | Colour setup for 'ls' | |||
dirname | Convert a full pathname to just a path | |||
dirs | Display list of remembered directories | |||
dos2unix | Windows/MAC to UNIX text file format converter | |||
dmesg | Print kernel & driver messages | |||
dpkg | Package manager (Debian/Ubuntu). | |||
du | Estimate file space usage | |||
E | ||||
echo | Display message on screen • | |||
egrep | Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression | |||
eject | Eject removable media | |||
enable | Enable and disable builtin shell commands • | |||
env | Environment variables | |||
ethtool | Ethernet card settings | |||
eval | Evaluate several commands/arguments | |||
exec | Execute a command | |||
exit | Exit the shell | |||
expand | Convert tabs to spaces | |||
export | Set an environment variable | |||
expr | Evaluate expressions | |||
F | ||||
false | Do nothing, unsuccessfully | |||
fdformat | Low-level format a floppy disk | |||
fdisk | Partition table manipulator for Linux | |||
fg | Send job to foreground | |||
fgrep | Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string | |||
file | Determine file type | |||
find | Search for files that meet a desired criteria | |||
fmt | Reformat paragraph text | |||
fold | Wrap text to fit a specified width | |||
for | Expand words, and execute commands | |||
format | Format disks or tapes | |||
free | Display memory usage | |||
fsck | File system consistency check and repair | |||
ftp | File Transfer Protocol | |||
function | Define Function Macros | |||
fuser | Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file | |||
G | ||||
gawk | Find and Replace text within file(s) | |||
getopts | Parse positional parameters | |||
getfacl | Get file access control lists | |||
grep | Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern | |||
groupadd | Add a user security group | |||
groupdel | Delete a group | |||
groupmod | Modify a group | |||
groups | Print group names a user is in | |||
gzip | Compress or decompress named file(s) | |||
H | ||||
hash | Remember the full pathname of a name argument | |||
head | Output the first part of file(s) | |||
help | Display help for a built-in command • | |||
history | Command History | |||
hostname | Print or set system name | |||
htop | Interactive process viewer | |||
I | ||||
iconv | Convert the character set of a file | |||
id | Print user and group id’s | |||
if | Conditionally perform a command | |||
ifconfig | Configure a network interface | |||
ifdown | Stop a network interface | |||
ifup | Start a network interface up | |||
import | Capture an X server screen and save the image to file | |||
install | Copy files and set attributes | |||
iostat | Report CPU and i/o statistics | |||
ip | Routing, devices and tunnels | |||
J | ||||
jobs | List active jobs • | |||
join | Join lines on a common field | |||
K | ||||
kill | Kill a process by specifying its PID | |||
killall | Kill processes by name | |||
klist | List cached Kerberos tickets | |||
L | ||||
less | Display output one screen at a time | |||
let | Perform arithmetic on shell variables • | |||
link | Create a link to a file | |||
ln | Create a symbolic link to a file | |||
local | Create a function variable • | |||
locate | Find files | |||
logname | Print current login name | |||
logout | Exit a login shell • | |||
look | Display lines beginning with a given string | |||
lpc | Line printer control program | |||
lpr | Print files | |||
lprint | Print a file | |||
lprintd | Delete a print job | |||
lprintq | List the print queue | |||
lprm | Remove jobs from the print queue | |||
lsattr | List file attributes on a Linux second extended file system | |||
lsblk | List block devices | |||
ls | List information about file(s) | |||
lsof | List open files | |||
lspci | List all PCI devices | |||
M | ||||
make | Recompile a group of programs | |||
man | Help manual | |||
mapfile | Read lines from standard input into an indexed array variable • | |||
md5sum | Compute and check MD5 message digest | |||
mkdir | Create new folder(s) | |||
mkfifo | Make FIFOs (named pipes) | |||
mkfile | Make a file | |||
mkisofs | Create a hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem | |||
mknod | Make block or character special files | |||
mktemp | Make a temporary file | |||
more | Display output one screen at a time | |||
most | Browse or page through a text file | |||
mount | Mount a file system | |||
mtools | Manipulate MS-DOS files | |||
mtr | Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping) | |||
mv | Move or rename files or directories | |||
mmv | Mass Move and rename (files) | |||
N | ||||
nc | Netcat, read and write data across networks | |||
netstat | Networking connections/stats | |||
nft | nftables for packet filtering and classification | |||
nice | Set the priority of a command or job | |||
nl | Number lines and write files | |||
nohup | Run a command immune to hangups | |||
notify-send | Send desktop notifications | |||
nslookup | Query Internet name servers interactively | |||
O | ||||
open | Open a file in its default application | |||
op | Operator access | |||
P | ||||
passwd | Modify a user password | |||
paste | Merge lines of files | |||
pathchk | Check file name portability | |||
Perf | Performance analysis tools for Linux | |||
ping | Test a network connection | |||
pgrep | List processes by name | |||
pkill | Kill processes by name | |||
popd | Restore the previous value of the current directory | |||
pr | Prepare files for printing | |||
printcap | Printer capability database | |||
printenv | Print environment variables | |||
printf | Format and print data • | |||
ps | Process status | |||
pushd | Save and then change the current directory | |||
pv | Monitor the progress of data through a pipe | |||
pwd | Print Working Directory | |||
Q | ||||
quota | Display disk usage and limits | |||
quotacheck | Scan a file system for disk usage | |||
R | ||||
ram | ram disk device | |||
rar | Archive files with compression | |||
rcp | Copy files between two machines | |||
read | Read a line from standard input • | |||
readarray | Read from stdin into an array variable • | |||
readonly | Mark variables/functions as readonly | |||
reboot | Reboot the system | |||
rename | Rename files | |||
renice | Alter priority of running processes | |||
remsync | Synchronize remote files via email | |||
return | Exit a shell function | |||
rev | Reverse lines of a file | |||
rm | Remove files | |||
rmdir | Remove folder(s) | |||
rsync | Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) | |||
S | ||||
screen | Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh | |||
scp | Secure copy (remote file copy) | |||
sdiff | Merge two files interactively | |||
sed | Stream Editor | |||
select | Accept user choices via keyboard input | |||
seq | Print numeric sequences | |||
set | Manipulate shell variables and functions | |||
setfacl | Set file access control lists. | |||
sftp | Secure File Transfer Program | |||
sha256sum | Compute and check SHA256 (256-bit) checksums | |||
shift | Shift positional parameters | |||
shopt | Shell Options | |||
shuf | Generate random permutations | |||
shutdown | Shutdown or restart Linux | |||
sleep | Delay for a specified time | |||
slocate | Find files | |||
sort | Sort text files | |||
source | Run commands from a file '.' • | |||
split | Split a file into fixed-size pieces | |||
ss | Socket Statistics | |||
ssh | Secure Shell client (remote login program) | |||
stat | Display file or file system status | |||
strace | Trace system calls and signals | |||
su | Substitute user identity | |||
sudo | Execute a command as another user | |||
sum | Print a checksum for a file | |||
suspend | Suspend execution of this shell • | |||
sync | Synchronize data on disk with memory | |||
T | ||||
tabs | Set tabs on a terminal | |||
tail | Output the last part of a file | |||
tar | Store, list or extract files in an archive | |||
tee | Redirect output to multiple files | |||
test | Evaluate a conditional expression | |||
time | Measure Program running time | |||
timeout | Run a command with a time limit | |||
times | User and system times | |||
tmux | Terminal multiplexer | |||
touch | Change file timestamps | |||
top | List processes running on the system | |||
tput | Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position | |||
traceroute | Trace Route to Host | |||
trap | Execute a command when the shell receives a signal • | |||
tr | Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters | |||
true | Do nothing, successfully | |||
tsort | Topological sort | |||
tty | Print filename of terminal on stdin | |||
type | Describe a command • | |||
U | ||||
ulimit | Limit user resources • | |||
umask | Users file creation mask | |||
umount | Unmount a device | |||
unalias | Remove an alias • | |||
uname | Print system information | |||
unexpand | Convert spaces to tabs | |||
uniq | Uniquify files | |||
units | Convert units from one scale to another | |||
unix2dos | UNIX to Windows or MAC text file format converter | |||
unrar | Extract files from a rar archive | |||
unset | Remove variable or function names | |||
unshar | Unpack shell archive scripts | |||
until | Execute commands (until error) | |||
uptime | Show uptime | |||
useradd | Create new user account | |||
userdel | Delete a user account | |||
usermod | Modify user account | |||
users | List users currently logged in | |||
uuencode | Encode a binary file | |||
uudecode | Decode a file created by uuencode | |||
V | ||||
v | Verbosely list directory contents ('ls -l -b') | |||
vdir | Verbosely list directory contents ('ls -l -b') | |||
vi | Text Editor | |||
vmstat | Report virtual memory statistics | |||
W | ||||
w | Show who is logged on and what they are doing | |||
wait | Wait for a process to complete • | |||
watch | Execute/display a program periodically | |||
wc | Print byte, word, and line counts | |||
whereis | Search the user’s $path, man pages and source files for a program | |||
which | Search the user’s $path for a program file | |||
while | Execute commands | |||
who | Print all usernames currently logged in | |||
whoami | Print the current user id and name ('id -un') | |||
wget | Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP | |||
write | Send a message to another user | |||
X | ||||
xargs | Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s) | |||
xdg-open | Open a file or URL in the user’s preferred application. | |||
xxd | Make a hexdump or do the reverse | |||
xz | Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files | |||
yes | Print a string until interrupted | |||
zip | Package and compress (archive) files | |||
. | Run a command script in the current shell | |||
!! | Run the last command again | |||
### | Comment / Remark |
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