Node.js的原生插件的build工具：node-gyp

Node.js native addon build tool

node-gyp is a cross-platform command-line tool written in Node.js for compiling native addon modules for Node.js. It bundles the gyp project used by the Chromium team and takes away the pain of dealing with the various differences in build platforms. It is the replacement to the node-waf program which is removed for node v0.8. If you have a native addon for node that still has a wscript file, then you should definitely add a binding.gyp file to support the latest versions of node.
Multiple target versions of node are supported (i.e. 0.8, ..., 4, 5, 6, etc.), regardless of what version of node is actually installed on your system (node-gyp downloads the necessary development files or headers for the target version).

Features:

• Easy to use, consistent interface
• Same commands to build your module on every platform
• Supports multiple target versions of Node

Installation

You can install with npm:

$ npm install -g node-gyp

You will also need to install:

• On Unix:
  • python (v2.7 recommended, v3.x.x is not supported)
  • make
  • A proper C/C++ compiler toolchain, like GCC
• On Mac OS X:
  • python (v2.7 recommended, v3.x.x is not supported) (already installed on Mac OS X)
  • Xcode
    • You also need to install the Command Line Tools via Xcode. You can find this under the menu Xcode -> Preferences -> Downloads
    • This step will install gcc and the related toolchain containing make
• On Windows:
  
  • Option 1: Install all the required tools and configurations using Microsoft's windows-build-tools using npm install --global --production windows-build-tools from an elevated PowerShell or CMD.exe (run as Administrator).
  • Option 2: Install tools and configuration manually:
    
    • Visual C++ Build Environment:
      
      • Option 1: Install Visual C++ Build Tools using the Default Install option.
      • Option 2: Install Visual Studio 2015 (or modify an existing installation) and select Common Tools for Visual C++ during setup. This also works with the free Community and Express for Desktop editions.

      💡 [Windows Vista / 7 only] requires .NET Framework 4.5.1
      

    • Install Python 2.7 (v3.x.x is not supported), and run npm config set python python2.7 (or see below for further instructions on specifying the proper Python version and path.)
    • Launch cmd, npm config set msvs_version 2015
  If the above steps didn't work for you, please visit Microsoft's Node.js Guidelines for Windows for additional tips.

If you have multiple Python versions installed, you can identify which Python version node-gyp uses by setting the '--python' variable:

$ node-gyp --python /path/to/python2.7

If node-gyp is called by way of npm and you have multiple versions of Python installed, then you can set npm's 'python' config key to the appropriate value:

$ npm config set python /path/to/executable/python2.7

Note that OS X is just a flavour of Unix and so needs python, make, and C/C++. An easy way to obtain these is to install XCode from Apple, and then use it to install the command line tools (under Preferences -> Downloads).

How to Use

To compile your native addon, first go to its root directory:

$ cd my_node_addon

The next step is to generate the appropriate project build files for the current platform. Use configure for that:

$ node-gyp configure

Note: The configure step looks for the binding.gyp file in the current directory to process. See below for instructions on creating the binding.gyp file.
Now you will have either a Makefile (on Unix platforms) or a vcxproj file (on Windows) in the build/ directory. Next invoke the build command:

$ node-gyp build

Now you have your compiled .node bindings file! The compiled bindings end up in build/Debug/ or build/Release/, depending on the build mode. At this point you can require the .node file with Node and run your tests!
Note: To create a Debug build of the bindings file, pass the --debug (or -d) switch when running either the configure, build or rebuild command.

The "binding.gyp" file

Previously when node had node-waf you had to write a wscript file. The replacement for that is the binding.gyp file, which describes the configuration to build your module in a JSON-like format. This file gets placed in the root of your package, alongside the package.json file.
A barebones gyp file appropriate for building a node addon looks like:

{
  "targets": [
    {
      "target_name": "binding",
      "sources": [ "src/binding.cc" ]
    }
  ]
}

Some additional resources for addons and writing gyp files:

• "Going Native" a nodeschool.io tutorial
• "Hello World" node addon example
• gyp user documentation
• gyp input format reference
• "binding.gyp" files out in the wild wiki page

Commands

node-gyp responds to the following commands:

Command	Description
help	Shows the help dialog
build	Invokes make/msbuild.exe and builds the native addon
clean	Removes the build directory if it exists
configure	Generates project build files for the current platform
rebuild	Runs clean, configure and build all in a row
install	Installs node header files for the given version
list	Lists the currently installed node header versions
remove	Removes the node header files for the given version

Command Options

node-gyp accepts the following command options:

Command	Description
-j n, --jobs n	Run make in parallel
--target=v6.2.1	Node version to build for (default=process.version)
--silly, --loglevel=silly	Log all progress to console
--verbose, --loglevel=verbose	Log most progress to console
--silent, --loglevel=silent	Don't log anything to console
debug, --debug	Make Debug build (default=Release)
--release, --no-debug	Make Release build
-C $dir, --directory=$dir	Run command in different directory
--make=$make	Override make command (e.g. gmake)
--thin=yes	Enable thin static libraries
--arch=$arch	Set target architecture (e.g. ia32)
--tarball=$path	Get headers from a local tarball
--devdir=$path	SDK download directory (default=~/.node-gyp)
--ensure	Don't reinstall headers if already present
--dist-url=$url	Download header tarball from custom URL
--proxy=$url	Set HTTP proxy for downloading header tarball
--cafile=$cafile	Override default CA chain (to download tarball)
--nodedir=$path	Set the path to the node binary
--python=$path	Set path to the python (2) binary
--msvs_version=$version	Set Visual Studio version (win)
--solution=$solution	Set Visual Studio Solution version (win)

from  https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp