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High Performance
Browser Networking

© Ilya Grigorik

Performance is a feature. This book provides a hands-on overview of what every web developer needs to know about the various types of networks (WiFi, 3G/4G), transport protocols (UDP, TCP, and TLS), application protocols (HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2), and APIs available in the browser (XHR, WebSocket, WebRTC, and more) to deliver the best—fast, reliable, and resilient—user experience.

★★★★½ (463): GoodReadsAmazonO'Reilly

This book is required reading for anyone who cares about web performance; it's already established as the go-to reference on the topic.

—Mark Nottingham (IETF HTTPBis Chair)

§Table of Contents

Networking 101

1. Primer on Latency and Bandwidth

   • Speed Is a Feature

   • The Many Components of Latency

   • Speed of Light and Propagation Latency

   • Last-Mile Latency

   • Bandwidth in Core Networks

   • Bandwidth at the Network Edge

   • Delivering Higher Bandwidth and Lower Latencies

2. Building Blocks of TCP

   • Three-Way Handshake

   • +

     Congestion Avoidance and Control

   • Bandwidth-Delay Product

   • Head-of-Line Blocking

   • +

     Optimizing for TCP

3. Building Blocks of UDP

   • Null Protocol Services

   • +

     UDP and Network Address Translators

   • Optimizing for UDP

4. Transport Layer Security (TLS)

   • Encryption, Authentication, and Integrity

   • HTTPS Everywhere

   • +

     TLS Handshake

   • +

     TLS Session Resumption

   • Chain of Trust and Certificate Authorities

   • +

     Certificate Revocation

   • TLS Record Protocol

   • +

     Optimizing for TLS

   • Testing and Verification

Performance of Wireless Networks

5. Introduction to Wireless Networks

   • Ubiquitous Connectivity

   • Types of Wireless Networks

   • +

     Performance Fundamentals of Wireless Networks

   • Measuring Real-World Wireless Performance

6. WiFi

   • From Ethernet to a Wireless LAN

   • WiFi Standards and Features

   • +

     Measuring and Optimizing WiFi Performance

   • +

     Optimizing for WiFi Networks

7. Mobile Networks

   • +

     Brief History of the G’s

   • +

     Device Features and Capabilities

   • +

     Radio Resource Controller (RRC)

   • +

     End-to-End Carrier Architecture

   • +

     Packet Flow in a Mobile Network

   • Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets)

   • Real-World 3G, 4G, and WiFi Performance

8. Optimizing for Mobile Networks

   • Preserve Battery Power

   • +

     Eliminate Periodic and Inefficient Data Transfers

   • +

     Anticipate Network Latency Overhead

   • Design for Variable Network Interface Availability

   • Burst Your Data and Return to Idle

   • Offload to WiFi Networks

   • Apply Protocol and Application Best Practices

HTTP

9. Brief History of HTTP

   • HTTP 0.9: The One-Line Protocol

   • HTTP/1.0: Rapid Growth and Informational RFC

   • HTTP/1.1: Internet Standard

   • HTTP/2: Improving Transport Performance

10. Primer on Web Performance

    • Hypertext, Web Pages, and Web Applications

    • +

      Anatomy of a Modern Web Application

    • +

      Performance Pillars: Computing, Rendering, Networking

    • Synthetic and Real-User Performance Measurement

    • Browser Optimization

11. HTTP/1.X

    • Benefits of Keepalive Connections

    • HTTP Pipelining

    • Using Multiple TCP Connections

    • Domain Sharding

    • Measuring and Controlling Protocol Overhead

    • Concatenation and Spriting

    • Resource Inlining

12. HTTP/2

    • Brief History of SPDY and HTTP/2

    • Design and Technical Goals

    • Binary Framing Layer

    • Streams, Messages, and Frames

    • Request and Response Multiplexing

    • Stream Prioritization

    • One Connection Per Origin

    • Flow Control

    • Server Push

    • Header Compression

    • Upgrading to HTTP/2

    • +

      Brief Introduction to Binary Framing

13. Optimizing Application Delivery

    • Optimizing Physical and Transport Layers

    • +

      Evergreen Performance Best Practices

    • Optimizing for HTTP/1.x

    • +

      Optimizing for HTTP/2

Browser APIs and Protocols

14. Primer on Browser Networking

    • Connection Management and Optimization

    • Network Security and Sandboxing

    • Resource and Client State Caching

    • Application APIs and Protocols

15. XMLHttpRequest

    • Brief History of XHR

    • Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)

    • Downloading Data with XHR

    • Uploading Data with XHR

    • Monitoring Download and Upload Progress

    • Streaming Data with XHR

    • +

      Real-Time Notifications and Delivery

    • XHR Use Cases and Performance

16. Server-Sent Events (SSE)

    • EventSource API

    • Event Stream Protocol

    • SSE Use Cases and Performance

17. WebSocket

    • +

      WebSocket API

    • +

      WebSocket Protocol

    • +

      WebSocket Use Cases and Performance

    • Performance Checklist

18. WebRTC

    • Standards and Development of WebRTC

    • +

      Audio and Video Engines

    • +

      Real-Time Network Transports

    • +

      Establishing a Peer-to-Peer Connection

    • +

      Delivering Media and Application Data

    • +

      DataChannel

    • +

      WebRTC Use Cases and Performance

    • Performance Checklist

§About the author

Ilya Grigorik is a web performance engineer at Google and co-chair of the W3C Web Performance Working Group. Follow him on his blog and Twitter for the latest web performance news, tips, and talks. 

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