openstreetmap.org网站的搭建，基于Ruby+ PostgreSQL

 

Dependencies

Many of the dependencies are managed through the standard Ruby on Rails mechanisms - i.e. ruby gems specified in the Gemfile and installed using bundler. However, there are a large number of packages required before you can get the various gems installed.

Minimum requirements

• Ruby 3.0+
• PostgreSQL 9.1+
• Bundler (see note below about developer Ruby setup)
• Javascript Runtime

These can be installed on Ubuntu 22.04 or later with:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ruby3.0 libruby3.0 ruby3.0-dev \
                     libvips-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev nodejs \
                     build-essential git-core firefox-geckodriver \
                     postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev libsasl2-dev \
                     libffi-dev libgd-dev libarchive-dev libbz2-dev yarnpkg
sudo gem3.0 install bundler

Alternative platforms

Fedora

For Fedora, you can install the minimum requirements with:

sudo dnf install ruby ruby-devel rubygem-rdoc rubygem-bundler rubygems \
                 libxml2-devel nodejs \
                 gcc gcc-c++ git \
                 postgresql postgresql-server postgresql-contrib libpq-devel \
                 perl-podlators libffi-devel gd-devel libarchive-devel \
                 bzip2-devel nodejs-yarn vips-devel

If you didn't already have PostgreSQL installed then create a PostgreSQL instance and start the server:

sudo postgresql-setup initdb
sudo systemctl start postgresql.service

Optionally set PostgreSQL to start on boot:

sudo systemctl enable postgresql.service

MacOSX

For MacOSX, you will need XCode installed from the Mac App Store; OS X 10.7 (Lion) or later; and some familiarity with Unix development via the Terminal.

Installing PostgreSQL:

• Install Postgres.app from https://postgresapp.com/
• Make sure that you've initialized and started Postgresql from the app (there should be a little elephant icon in your systray).
• Add PostgreSQL to your path, by editing your profile:

nano ~/.profile

and adding:

export PATH=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/MacOS/bin:$PATH

After this, you may need to start a new shell window, or source the profile again by running . ~/.profile.

Installing other dependencies:

• Install Homebrew from https://brew.sh/
• Install the latest version of Ruby: brew install ruby
• Install other dependencies: brew install libxml2 gd yarn pngcrush optipng pngquant jhead jpegoptim gifsicle svgo advancecomp vips
• Install Bundler: gem install bundler (you might need to sudo gem install bundler if you get an error about permissions - or see note below about developer Ruby setup)

You will need to tell bundler that libxml2 is installed in a Homebrew location. If it uses the system-installed one then you will get errors installing the libxml-ruby gem later on.

bundle config build.libxml-ruby --with-xml2-config=/usr/local/opt/libxml2/bin/xml2-config

If you want to run the tests, you need geckodriver as well:

brew install geckodriver

Note that OS X does not have a /home directory by default, so if you are using the GPX functions, you will need to change the directories specified in config/application.yml.

Cloning the repository

The repository is reasonably large (~150MB) and it's unlikely that you need the full history. If you are happy to wait for it all to download, run:

git clone https://github.com/openstreetmap/openstreetmap-website.git

To clone only the most recent version (~23MB), instead use a 'shallow clone':

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/openstreetmap/openstreetmap-website.git

If you want to add in the full history later on, perhaps to run git blame or git log, run git fetch --depth=1000000

Ruby gems

We use Bundler to manage the rubygems required for the project.

cd openstreetmap-website
bundle install

Node.js modules

We use Yarn to manage the Node.js modules required for the project.

bundle exec bin/yarn install

Prepare local settings file

This is a workaround. See issues/2185 for details.

touch config/settings.local.yml

Storage setup

openstreetmap-website needs to be configured with an object storage facility - for development and testing purposes you can use the example configuration:

cp config/example.storage.yml config/storage.yml

Database setup

openstreetmap-website uses three databases - one for development, one for testing, and one for production. The database-specific configuration options are stored in config/database.yml, which we need to create from the example template.

cp config/example.database.yml config/database.yml

PostgreSQL is configured to, by default, accept local connections without requiring a username or password. This is fine for development. If you wish to set up your database differently, then you should change the values found in the config/database.yml file, and amend the instructions below as appropriate.

PostgreSQL account setup

We need to create a PostgreSQL role (i.e. user account) for your current user, and it needs to be a superuser so that we can create more databases.

sudo -u postgres -i
createuser -s <username>
exit

Create the databases

To create the three databases - for development, testing and production - run:

bundle exec rails db:create

Database structure

To create all the tables, indexes and constraints, run:

bundle exec rails db:migrate

Running the tests

To ensure that everything is set up properly, you should now run:

bundle exec rails test:all

This test will take a few minutes, reporting tests run, assertions, and any errors. If you receive no errors, then your installation is successful.

The unit tests may output parser errors related to "Attribute lat redefined." These can be ignored.

Starting the server

Rails comes with a built-in webserver, so that you can test on your own machine without needing a server. Run

bundle exec rails server

You can now view the site in your favourite web-browser at http://localhost:3000/

Note that the OSM map tiles you see aren't created from your local database - they are just the standard map tiles.

Configuration

After installing this software, you may need to carry out some configuration steps, depending on your tasks.

Ruby development install and versions (optional)

For simplicity, this document explains how to install all the website dependencies as "system" dependencies. While this is simpler, and usually faster, you might want more control over the process or the ability to install multiple different versions of software alongside eachother. For many developers, rbenv is the easiest way to manage multiple different Ruby versions on the same computer - with the added advantage that the installs are all in your home directory, so you don't need administrator permissions.

If you choose to install Ruby and Bundler via rbenv, then you do not need to install the system libraries for Ruby:

• For Ubuntu, you do not need to install the following packages: ruby3.0 libruby3.0 ruby3.0-dev bundler,
• For Fedora, you do not need to install the following packages: ruby ruby-devel rubygem-rdoc rubygem-bundler rubygems
• For MacOSX, you do not need to brew install ruby - but make sure you've installed a version of Ruby using rbenv before running gem install bundler!

After installing a version of Ruby with rbenv (the latest stable version is a good place to start), you will need to make that the default. From inside the openstreetmap-website directory, run:

rbenv local $VERSION

Where $VERSION is the version you installed. Then install bundler:

gem install bundler

You should now be able to proceed with the rest of the installation. If you're on MacOSX, make sure you set up the config override for the libxml2 location after installing bundler.

from  https://github.com/openstreetmap/openstreetmap-website/blob/master/INSTALL.md

（https://github.com/openstreetmap/openstreetmap-website）

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开源地图服务OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap (简称OSM) 是一个开源地图服务，理念类似维基百科，可供用户自由查看，编辑，使用世界各地的地理数据，或者也可自己搭建服务器，自己修改数据。OpenStreetMap利用公众集体的力量和无偿的贡献来改善地图相关的地理数据。地图由用户根据手机，便携GPS装置、航空摄影照片等提供的数据来绘制。网站里的地图图像及向量数据皆以CC 知识共享协议2.0授权。

OpenStreetMap背后的故事

OpenStreetMap的创始人科斯特（Steve Coast）起初目的很简单：想做一张属于自己的地图。科斯特发现人们无法对现有的可以下载地图图片进行编辑。对于地图惟一能做的就是去查看！人们没法纠正街道的名字，或者加注一个街对面的酒吧。 如果在电脑软件中使用这些地图数据，往往需要给地图公司付一大笔钱。

随着科技的进步，GPS接收器的造价越来越便宜，科斯特收到维基百科的模式的启发，把维基模式应用到制作地图上，让全球各地的人都来制作他们自己当地的地图。通过低成本的客户端GPS，人人都可以在行走时采集数据，并将其更新到开放街道图里。这张地图就能实现大众应用、大众编辑。采集到的数据和应用软件的所有权属于贡献者。

OpenStreetMap发展重要时间点：

2006年4月科斯特在英国注册管理OpenStreetMap(OSM)基金会。

2006年12月雅虎允许 OpenStreetMap使用该站的航空摄影相片作为地图编辑来源。

2010年海地大地震中，OpenStreetMap以GeoEye 等公司提供的最新卫星照片为基础，工作人员和志愿者可以随时用随身的电脑或手机在地图上即时标注救护站、帐篷和倒塌的大桥，及时传递最新消息。它绘制出的海地灾区地图，几乎每一秒都是最新的。极大地提高了地面搜救小队的工作效率。

2012年,签到服务Foursquare不再采用谷歌地图，转用OSM驱动的MapBox。

2013年，MapBox为OSM推出了一款更方便的编辑工具iD，鼓励更多人为该地图平台作出贡献。

随着OSM的完善和强大，多家知名科技公司如苹果、微软等都已经弃用谷歌地图转而拥抱该开源地图平台的怀抱。