美国指中国有关贸易谈判的一系列表态是“推诿”与“曲解”（其实就是倒打一耙）

（附：美国就中国6月2日《白皮书》发表声明 /中英全文）

VOA - 美国政府星期一说，中国在最近一系列公开声明以及周末的一份白皮书中“竭尽推诿之能事”，曲解两国贸易谈判的实质及历史。

美国贸易代表办公室和财政部联合发布的一份声明重申了美国政府的观点，指中国的谈判官员在达成协议的若干重要问题上“后退”。美国说，两国已经十分接近达成最后协议，其中包括一项有关履行实施的条款。

这份联合声明说，美国要求协议中列出中国方面具有可执行性的具体承诺丝毫不构成对中国主权的威胁，所有讨论的相关议题是贸易协议通常包括的内容，同时也是解决导致不可持续的经常性贸易逆差的必要内容。

中国星期天发表了一份有关美中贸易争端的政府政策文件，宣称两国贸易谈判受挫的责任完全在美国政府，并列举了美国的三次“出尔反尔”。

美中贸易谈判的中国主要官员之一、商务部副部长王受文在对媒体介绍中国白皮书时说：“如果美方想通过极限施压、升级贸易摩擦的方式，逼迫中方屈服作出让步，那是决不可能的。”

美中贸易谈判中断后，美国指称中国原先已经承诺将有关知识产权保护和制止强制技术转让等问题写入法律，但是后来又反悔。美国总统特朗普说中国打破了承诺，同时宣布将2000亿美元的中国产品的关税从10%上调到25%。

美国贸易代表办公室和财政部的联合声明对中国推诿责任和歪曲事实表示失望。

声明说，之所以进行贸易谈判就是因为“中国长期以来的不同平贸易行为”，美国在谈判中的立场始终如一。

美国政府的声明列举了两国贸易谈判过程中的后果，并提到特朗普总统去年12月与中国国家主席习近平在阿根廷会谈后将上调关税的时间推迟了90天，并在今年3月再次延长。声明还说，美国的一个立场是确保协议的履行，因为中国长期以来往往不兑现所做出的承诺。

美中两国自从5月谈判中断以来没有进一步谈判的具体计划，特朗普总统和中国国家主席习近平6月晚些时候在日本参加20国峰会时是否会面也不得而知。

美国就中国6月2日《白皮书》发表以下声明 （中英全文）

原创： 起点君  起点财经PLUS3  今天

以下为中文翻译全文：

就中国于2019年6月2日发表的《白皮书》美国贸易代表和财政部于今天发表以下声明
令美国感到失望的是，中国在昨天发布的“白皮书”和最近的公开声明中选择了推卸责任，并且歪曲了两国贸易谈判的性质和历程。要了解当事各方当下处于何种状况以及事态走向，就必须了解导致目前僵局的整个过程。

特朗普总统承诺采取行动来解决中国数十年来的不公平贸易行为。这些不公平贸易行为导致了持久的、不可持续的贸易逆差，去年的贸易逆差达到近4200亿美元，这对美国工人、农民、农场主和企业造成了严重损害。2017年8月，美国贸易代表应总统的指示，对中国在知识产权、创新和技术发展方面的做法进行了调查。连续七个月的搜集和推敲听证会上的证词和其他证据调查,美国在2018年3月发布了一份长达200页的报告，这其中记录了中国如何从事不公平的贸易行为,包括强制技术转让,未能保护美国的知识产权,从美国公司实施并支持网络盗窃,掠夺了他们敏感的商业信息和商业秘密。中国的这些不公平贸易行为和其他行为每年给美国及其企业造成了数千亿美元的损失。

基于这些发现，总统指示他所领导的政府要根据美国法律和任何适用的国际协议来采取有效行动，以应对中国具有危害性的扭曲行为。总统要求美国贸易代表署在世界贸易组织(wto)对中国的不公平贸易行为提出质疑，同时对中国征收关税，以抵消中国行为对美国工业造成的损害。作为回应，中国非但没有采取建设性的行动来解决我们的问题，而是加倍对美国出口产品征收不合理的关税作为报复，而美国则以加征关税作为回应。

特朗普总统和习近平主席在2018年12月布宜诺斯艾利斯同意启动当前的谈判，原定于2019年1月1日生效的对中国进口产品征收关税的条款,特朗普总统推迟了90天。总统今年3月再次延长了最后期限，因为各方似乎在谈判中取得了进展。经过几个月的艰苦工作和坦诚的且具有建设性的讨论，双方就一些重要问题达成了协议。然而，在结束最后一个重要问题时，中国放弃了此前达成一致的条款。为了回应中国的这一反悔，美国继续推进此前宣布的对中国进口商品的加息，并宣布对更多中国进口商品征收关税。

值得注意的是，推动讨论的是中国长期以来的不公平贸易行为。在整个谈判过程中，我们的谈判立场始终是一致的，但中方在双方达成共识的重要内容上改变了主意。其中一个立场是可执行性的需要，这是中国未能履行承诺的历史所迫使的。但是，我们坚持要求中国作出详细和可执行的承诺，绝不构成对中国主权的威胁。相反，双方所讨论的问题是贸易协定的共同问题，这对于解决持久、不可持续得贸易逆差的系统性问题来说是必需的。
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U.S. Trade Representative and the U.S. Department of Treasury today released the following statement in response to the “White Paper” issued by China on June 2, 2019

06/03/2019

The United States is disappointed that the Chinese have chosen in the “White Paper” issued yesterday and recent public statements to pursue a blame game misrepresenting the nature and history of trade negotiations between the two countries.  To understand where the parties are and where they can go, it is necessary to understand the history that has led to the current impasse.

President Trump is committed to taking action to address the unfair trade practices that China has engaged in for decades, which have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits, almost $420 billion last year, and have caused severe harm to American workers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses.  In August 2017, at the President’s instruction, the United States Trade Representative conducted an investigation of China’s practices relating to intellectual property rights, innovation, and technology development.  After receiving and considering extensive hearing testimony and other evidence over an investigation that lasted seven months, the United States issued a 200-page report in March 2018 documenting how China had engaged in unfair trade practices, including forced technology transfer, failed to protect American intellectual property rights, and conducted and supported cyber theft from American companies, robbing them of sensitive commercial information and trade secrets.  These unfair trade practices and other actions by China have cost the United States and its businesses hundreds of billions of dollars every year. 

Based on these findings, the President directed his Administration to take effective action to address China’s harmful and distortive actions under both U.S. law and any applicable international agreements.  The President directed USTR to challenge China’s unfair trade practices at the World Trade Organization but also to impose tariffs on China to offset the damage to U.S. industry caused by China’s conduct.  In response, rather than working constructively to address our concerns, China doubled down and retaliated by imposing unjustified tariffs on American exports, and the United States responded with additional tariffs. 

After Presidents Trump and Xi agreed to launch the current negotiations in Buenos Aires in December 2018, President Trump postponed for 90 days the increase in tariffs on Chinese imports that was scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2019.  The President extended the deadline again in March because the parties appeared to be making progress in their talks.  Following months of hard work and candid and constructive discussions, the parties had reached agreement on a number of important matters.  In wrapping up the final important issues, however, the Chinese moved away from previously agreed-upon provisions.  In response to this Chinese backtracking, the United States moved forward with the previously-announced rate increase on Chinese imports and announced tariffs on additional Chinese imports. 

It is important to note that the impetus for the discussions was China’s long history of unfair trade practices.  Our negotiating positions have been consistent throughout these talks, and China back-pedaled on important elements of what the parties had agreed to.  One such position was the need for enforceability, a position necessitated by China’s history of making commitments that it fails to keep.  But our insistence on detailed and enforceable commitments from the Chinese in no way constitutes a threat to Chinese sovereignty.  Rather, the issues discussed are common to trade agreements and are necessary to address the systemic issues that have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits.