解决“ImportError: No module named _sqlite3”问题（顺便解决了“ImportError: No module named time”问题）

我们在安装一些基于python的程序时，经常遇到“ImportError: No module named _sqlite3”问题。

解决办法：需先编译sqlite3.
wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-amalgamation-3.6.20.tar.gz
tar zxvf  sqlite-amalgamation-3.6.20.tar.gz
cd  sqlite-3.5.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lib/sqlite3
make
make install  (这样，sqlite3编译完成）

rm /usr/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python
再来编译python2.7:
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.6/Python-2.7.6.tar.bz2
tar jxvf  Python-2.7.6.tar.bz2
cd  Python-2.7.6
先修改Python-2.7.6目录里的setup.py 文件：
在下面这段的下一行添加'/usr/local/lib/sqlite3/include',
sqlite_inc_paths = [ '/usr/include',
                             '/usr/include/sqlite',
                             '/usr/include/sqlite3',
                             '/usr/local/include',
                             '/usr/local/include/sqlite',
                             '/usr/local/include/sqlite3',
                             '/usr/local/lib/sqlite3/include',
然后
./configure
make
make install  （这样，python2.7编译完成）

as3:~/Python-2.7.6# python -V
Python 2.7.6
as3:~/Python-2.7.6# python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 20 2013, 07:15:04)
[GCC 4.4.5] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>>                      （此处无“ImportError: No module named _sqlite3”的出错提示，表明导入sqlite3成功）

同时也解决了“ImportError: No module named time”问题。


编译完python后，会提示：
Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_tkinter           bsddb185           bz2                _bsddb
gdbm               readline           sunaudiodev   dbm
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.解决办法也是修改Python-2.7.6目录里的setup.py 文件。
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 安装python2.7时，遇到的问题

the usual installation method yields some warnings:

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
_bsddb             _tkinter           bsddb185
bz2                dl                 imageop         sunaudiodev
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

Three of these modules cannot be installed on Dreamhost’s 64-bit Debian servers anyway and one of them is an older version of a module I am going to install:

• bsddb185: Older version of Oracle Berkeley DB. Undocumented. Install version 4.8 instead.
• dl: For 32-bit machines. Deprecated. Use ctypes instead.
• imageop: For 32-bit machines. Deprecated. Use PIL instead.
• sunaudiodev: For Sun hardware. Deprecated.

Now, if you don’t need any of those remaining modules, then you should be able to just complete the installation and be done with it. If you want all the modules that you can get, you are in for some extra building. This post does a good job of explaining the installation of Python 2.6; mine is based on it. Let’s put the files in the following directories:

Python 2.7

$HOME/local/Python-2.7

Berkeley DB 4.8

$HOME/local/BerkeleyDB.4.8

Other executables

$HOME/local/bin

Header files

$HOME/local/include

Libraries

$HOME/local/lib

Temporary artifacts

$HOME/temp

We’ll need to push these values into the UNIX environment by using the export tool under the default bash shell:

$ export LDFLAGS="-L$HOME/local/lib -L$HOME/local/BerkeleyDB.4.8/lib" $ export CPPFLAGS="-I$HOME/local/include -I$HOME/local/BerkeleyDB.4.8/include" $ export CXXFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS $ export CFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/lib:$HOME/local/BerkeleyDB.4.8/lib $ export LD_RUN_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Next make the directories:

$ mkdir ~/temp ~/local

It’s also a good idea to check your machine (note the “x86_64” token). It should look similar to this:

$ uname -a Linux machine 2.6.32.8-grsec-2.1.14-modsign-xeon-64 #2 SMP Sat Mar 13 00:42:43 PST 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ gcc -v Using built-in specs. Target: x86_64-linux-gnu Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 4.3.2-1.1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.3/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --enable-nls --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.3 --program-suffix=-4.3 --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-objc-gc --enable-mpfr --enable-cld --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu Thread model: posix gcc version 4.3.2 (Debian 4.3.2-1.1) $

Berkeley DB will be hooked into the installed TCL, so you should install TCL before you install Berkeley DB. Install Python last. Other than that, I don’t believe that order of installation should matter. Let’s do it!

TCL/TK

The warning “_tkinter” indicates that the _tkinter module was not built. You will need to build both TCL and TK:

$ cd ~/temp $ pwd /home/username/temp $ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tcl8.5.8-src.tar.gz $ tar zxvf tcl8.5.8-src.tar.gz $ cd tcl8.5.8/unix $ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/local $ make $ make install $ cd ../.. $ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/tcl/tk8.5.8-src.tar.gz $ tar zxvf tk8.5.8-src.tar.gz $ cd tk8.5.8/unix $ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/local $ make $ make install $ cd ../..

Berkeley DB 4.8

The warning “_bsddb” will go away when you install version 4.8 of the Oracle Berkeley DB:

$ cd ~/temp $ wget http://download.oracle.com/berkeley-db/db-4.8.30.tar.gz $ tar zxvf db-4.8.30.tar.gz $ cd db-4.8.30/build_unix $ ../dist/configure --prefix=$HOME/local/BerkeleyDB.4.8 --enable-tcl --with-tcl=$HOME/local/lib $ make $ make install $ cd ../..

BZip2

Dreamhost has an earlier version of BZip2 (version 1.0.4) and no library (at least I couldn’t find one). To get the latest version:

$ cd ~/temp $ wget http://www.bzip.org/1.0.5/bzip2-1.0.5.tar.gz $ tar zxvf bzip2-1.0.5.tar.gz $ cd bzip2-1.0.5 $ make -f Makefile-libbz2_so $ make $ make install PREFIX=$HOME/local $ cp ./libbz2.so.1.0.4 $HOME/local/lib $ ln -s $HOME/local/lib/libbz2.so.1.0.4 $HOME/local/lib/libbz2.so.1.0 $ cd ..

Python 2.7

You should be able to build and install Python 2.7 now, less the modules that either cannot be built on a 64-bit platform or cannot coexist with a contemporary version.

$ cd ~/temp $ wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7/Python-2.7.tgz $ tar zxvf Python-2.7.tgz $ cd Python-2.7 $ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/Python-2.7 $ make $ make install

At the end of the make process, you will see this:

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
bsddb185           dl                 imageop         
sunaudiodev                                       
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

As mentioned earlier, these modules are either not buildable on Dreamhost’s 64-bit machines or not compatible with the newer version of Berkeley DB.

Hooking up the new Python

You want to put the new Python 2.7 on your PATH so that bash executes it before the systemwide Python 2.5. If you don’t want to append these export statements, you can also do it via a text editor (vim, emacs, etc).

$ cd ~ $ echo "export PATH=\"$HOME/local/bin:\$PATH\"" >> .bashrc $ echo "export PATH=\"$HOME/local/Python-2.7/bin:\$PATH\"" >> .bashrc $ source .bashrc $ which python /home/username/local/Python-2.7/bin/python $ python -V Python 2.7

Try it out!

Try out your new modules…at the shell prompt type “python”!

>>> import bsddb
>>> db = bsddb.btopen('/tmp/spam.db', 'c')
>>> for i in range(10): db['%d'%i] = '%d'% (i*i)
...
>>> db['3']
'9'
>>> db.keys()
['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
>>> db.sync()
>>> db.isOpen()
True
>>> import bz2
>>> print bz2.__author__
The bz2 python module was written by:
 
    Gustavo Niemeyer <niemeyer@conectiva.com>
 
>>> import Tkinter
>>> Tkinter.__version__
'$Revision: 81008 $'

from http://www.kelvinwong.ca/2010/08/02/python-2-7-on-dreamhost/

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