对于Android手机翻墙教程请参照这个帖子:
http://www.androidsphere.net/2011/09/18/how-to-use-goagent-on-android-phones/
通过这个方法安装却并不能成功翻墙。
主要是文章中有一部分并没有提到安装busybox. GAEProxy要配合busybox使用,才可以成功在android上实现翻墙。
Busybox主要提供了一个本地http服务器以实现通过127.0.0.1对应的端口转发。
Busybox的android市场地址
(1,busybox简介
busybox是一个集成了一百多个最常用linux命令和工具的软件,他甚至还集成了一个http服务器和一个telnet服务器, 而所有这一切功能却只有区区1M左右的大小.我们平时用的那些linux命令就好比是分立式的电子元件,而busybox就好比是一个集成电路,把常用的 工具和命令集成压缩在一个可执行文件里,功能基本不变,而大小却小很多倍,在嵌入式linux应用中,busybox有非常广的应用,另外,大多数 linux发行版的安装程序中都有busybox的身影,安装linux的时候案ctrl+alt+F2就能得到一个控制台,而这个控制台中的所有命令都 是指向busybox的链接.
Busybox的小身材大作用的特性,给制作一张软盘的linux带来了及大方便.
2,busybox的用法
可以这样用busybox
#busybox ls
他的功能就相当运行ls命令
最常用的用法是建立指向busybox的链接,不同的链接名完成不同的功能.
#ln -s busybox ls
#ln -s busybox rm
#ln -s busybox mkdir
然后分别运行这三个链接:
#./ls
#./rm
#./mkdir
就可以分别完成了ls rm 和mkdir命令的功能.虽然他们都指向同一个可执行程序busybox
但是只要链接名不同,完成的功能就不同,busybox就是这么的神奇.
很多linux网站都提供busybox的源代码下载.目前版本是busybox1.0正式版.
3,配置busybox
busybox的配置程序和linux内核菜单配置方式简直一模一样.熟悉用make menuconfig方式配置linux内核的朋友很容易上手.
#cp busybox-1.00.tar.gz /babylinux
#cd /babylinux
#tar xvfz busybox-1.00.tar.gz
#cd busybox-1.00
#make menuconfig
下面是需要编译进busybox的功能选项,其他的可以根据需要自选,但是同样不要太贪心.
General Configuration应该选的选项
Show verbose applet usage messages
Runtime SUID/SGID configuration via /etc/busybox.conf
Build Options
Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)
这个选项是一定要选择的,这样才能把busybox编译成静态链接的可执行文件,运行时才独立于其他函数库.否则必需要其他库文件才能运行,在单一个linux内核不能使他正常工作.
Installation Options
Don't use /usr
这个选项也一定要选,否则make install 后busybox将安装在原系统的/usr下,这将覆盖掉系统原有的命令.选择这个选项后,make install后会在busybox目录下生成一个叫_install的目录,里面有busybox和指向他的链接.
其他选项都是一些linux基本命令选项,自己需要哪些命令就编译进去,一般用默认的就可以了.
配置好后退出并保存.
4,编译并安装busybox
#make
#make install
编译好后在busybox目录下生成子目录_install,里面的内容:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 24 15:28 bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 11月 24 15:28 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 24 15:28 sbin
其中可执行文件busybox在bin目录下,其他的都是指向他的符号链接.
我编译出来的busybox可执行文件是935K,加上符号链接,整个_install目录是952K.加上845K的内核不是已经超过1440K了吗?别担心,我们将对整个根文件系统做大幅度的压缩.)
在你安装完busybox之后就可以继续下面的教程了。
Android手机使用GoAgent翻墙教程
from http://www.androidsphere.net/2011/09/18/how-to-use-goagent-on-android-phones/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.busybox.net/downloads/
http://www.busybox.net/about.html
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of
the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured
GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
counterparts.
BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.
BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX . CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX .
You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering
For example, entering
If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP , BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS . This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.
When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.
from http://linux.die.net/man/1/busybox
-------------------------------------------------------
The toolbox that is provided on the Android environment is pretty limited. I wanted something more useful and familiar. Busybox to the rescue!
I have a busybox binary available for those who are interested.
To use it simply do
You should now be able to get access to all the useful busybox applets.
Update:busybox was a straight compile of the standard busybox 1.8.1 release. No changes were made to the source. Source code available here or from the Busybox website.
from http://benno.id.au/blog/2007/11/14/android-busybox
http://www.androidsphere.net/2011/09/18/how-to-use-goagent-on-android-phones/
通过这个方法安装却并不能成功翻墙。
主要是文章中有一部分并没有提到安装busybox. GAEProxy要配合busybox使用,才可以成功在android上实现翻墙。
Busybox主要提供了一个本地http服务器以实现通过127.0.0.1对应的端口转发。
Busybox的android市场地址
(1,busybox简介
busybox是一个集成了一百多个最常用linux命令和工具的软件,他甚至还集成了一个http服务器和一个telnet服务器, 而所有这一切功能却只有区区1M左右的大小.我们平时用的那些linux命令就好比是分立式的电子元件,而busybox就好比是一个集成电路,把常用的 工具和命令集成压缩在一个可执行文件里,功能基本不变,而大小却小很多倍,在嵌入式linux应用中,busybox有非常广的应用,另外,大多数 linux发行版的安装程序中都有busybox的身影,安装linux的时候案ctrl+alt+F2就能得到一个控制台,而这个控制台中的所有命令都 是指向busybox的链接.
Busybox的小身材大作用的特性,给制作一张软盘的linux带来了及大方便.
2,busybox的用法
可以这样用busybox
#busybox ls
他的功能就相当运行ls命令
最常用的用法是建立指向busybox的链接,不同的链接名完成不同的功能.
#ln -s busybox ls
#ln -s busybox rm
#ln -s busybox mkdir
然后分别运行这三个链接:
#./ls
#./rm
#./mkdir
就可以分别完成了ls rm 和mkdir命令的功能.虽然他们都指向同一个可执行程序busybox
但是只要链接名不同,完成的功能就不同,busybox就是这么的神奇.
很多linux网站都提供busybox的源代码下载.目前版本是busybox1.0正式版.
3,配置busybox
busybox的配置程序和linux内核菜单配置方式简直一模一样.熟悉用make menuconfig方式配置linux内核的朋友很容易上手.
#cp busybox-1.00.tar.gz /babylinux
#cd /babylinux
#tar xvfz busybox-1.00.tar.gz
#cd busybox-1.00
#make menuconfig
下面是需要编译进busybox的功能选项,其他的可以根据需要自选,但是同样不要太贪心.
General Configuration应该选的选项
Show verbose applet usage messages
Runtime SUID/SGID configuration via /etc/busybox.conf
Build Options
Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)
这个选项是一定要选择的,这样才能把busybox编译成静态链接的可执行文件,运行时才独立于其他函数库.否则必需要其他库文件才能运行,在单一个linux内核不能使他正常工作.
Installation Options
Don't use /usr
这个选项也一定要选,否则make install 后busybox将安装在原系统的/usr下,这将覆盖掉系统原有的命令.选择这个选项后,make install后会在busybox目录下生成一个叫_install的目录,里面有busybox和指向他的链接.
其他选项都是一些linux基本命令选项,自己需要哪些命令就编译进去,一般用默认的就可以了.
配置好后退出并保存.
4,编译并安装busybox
#make
#make install
编译好后在busybox目录下生成子目录_install,里面的内容:
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 24 15:28 bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 11月 24 15:28 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 24 15:28 sbin
其中可执行文件busybox在bin目录下,其他的都是指向他的符号链接.
我编译出来的busybox可执行文件是935K,加上符号链接,整个_install目录是952K.加上845K的内核不是已经超过1440K了吗?别担心,我们将对整个根文件系统做大幅度的压缩.)
在你安装完busybox之后就可以继续下面的教程了。
Android手机使用GoAgent翻墙教程
GoAgent借助GAE(Google App Engine)平台的优势已经成为目前最有效，稳定，方便，给力的翻墙方式，相信很多朋友都在默默享受着GoAgent带来的FuckGFW的快感。不过 我发现很多GoAgent用户都不知道如何在Android手机上使用它翻墙（包括我自己在内，我也是最近才知道），就算知道了网上也很难找到相关的教 程。其实只要安装了GAE Proxy这款App,在Android手机配置GoAgent翻墙比PC上还要容易。下面就是配置步骤。
注意：以下方式只适用于已经在GAE上配置好GoAgent App并且可以正常使用的同学，如果你还没有配置好GoAgent或者不知道如何使用，可以到GoAgent网站观摩一下：http://code.google.com/p/goagent/
- 下载并安装GAE Proxy，Android Market有下载：https://market.android.com/details?id=org.gaeproxy&feature=search_result
- 运行GAE Proxy程序，拉到最下面，点一下install，这一步将在手机SD卡下载相关python脚本程序，必须安装后GAE Proxy才可以正常使用。
- 配置GoAgent代理：在GAE Proxy Settings下面设置，’Choose your proxy type’选择GoAgent；‘Proxy’选项下面设置你的GoAgent app地址：https://yourgoagentid.appspot.com/fetch.py（yourgoagentid 改为你自己的GoAgent App ID名称，注意地址后面的fetch.py一定要加上）；最后再把’local port’设置成8087（和PC上一样），这样基本的设置就算完成了，截图如下，到这一步你已经可以开始在Android手机上使用GoAgent了。
其他设置：GAE Proxy的其他设置和PC上大同小异。比如’Enable HTTPS Proxy’ ,’Enable GFW List’功能都相同。另外还有一个设置’Global Proxy’支持Android手机全局翻墙，国内Android用户还应该勾选 ‘Enable Market’选项，这样就可以顺利从Market下载程序了。
快捷设置：GAE Proxy可以设置开机自动连接功能，只要在程序界面勾选’Connect at boot’就可以在每次开机自动连接。另外GAE Proxy程序还提供一个Widget，在桌面放置GAE Proxy Widget点一下自动连接，再点一下自动断开
使用体验：我测试了Twitter和Facebook的官方App，都可以顺利登陆，获取和更新消息，浏览器访问被封网站也没有问题。唯一不成功的是Youtube,打开Youtube程序会自动加载视频信息，但是点击播放总是不成功，不知道原因出在哪里.from http://www.androidsphere.net/2011/09/18/how-to-use-goagent-on-android-phones/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.busybox.net/downloads/
http://www.busybox.net/about.html
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
Syntax
busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
Description
BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.
BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX . CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX .
Usage
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations.You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering
/bin/busybox lswill also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
For example, entering
ln -s /bin/busybox ls ./lswill cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command. If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
Common Options
Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.Commands
Currently available applets include:[, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find, findfs, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install, ionice, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last, length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lzmacat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, msh, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, poweroff, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, renice, reset, resize, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, ttysize, tunctl, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unxz, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip
Command Descriptions
acpid- acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR ] [-l LOGFILE ] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE ] [ EVDEV_EVENT_FILE ...]
Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
Options:
-d Do not daemonize and log to stderr -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]
Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v - addgroup
- addgroup [-g GID ] [user_name] group_name
Add a group or add a user to a group
Options:
-g GID Group id -S Create a system group
- adduser
- adduser [ OPTIONS ] user_name
Add a user
Options:
-h DIR Home directory -g GECOS GECOS field -s SHELL Login shell -G GRP Add user to existing group -S Create a system user -D Do not assign a password -H Do not create home directory -u UID User id
- adjtimex
- adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t tick]
Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2).
Options:
-q Quiet -o offset Time offset, microseconds -f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) (positive values make clock run faster) -t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 -p timeconstant - ar ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES
- Extract or list FILES from an ar archive Options:
-o Preserve original dates -p Extract to stdout -t List -x Extract -v Verbose
- arp
arp [-vn]
[-H type] [-i if] -a [hostname] [-v]
[-i if] -d hostname [pub] [-v]
[-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [temp] [-v]
[-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub [-v]
[-H type] [-i if] -Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub - Manipulate ARP cache Options:
-a Display (all) hosts -s Set new ARP entry -d Delete a specified entry -v Verbose -n Don't resolve names -i IF Network interface -D Read <hwaddr> from given device -A, -p AF Protocol family -H HWTYPE Hardware address type
- arping
- arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I dev] [-s sender] target
Send ARP requests/replies
Options:
-f Quit on first ARP reply -q Quiet -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast -D Duplicated address detection mode -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests -w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds -I dev Interface to use (default eth0) -s sender Sender IP address target Target IP address
- awk awk [ OPTIONS ] [ AWK_PROGRAM ] [ FILE ]...
- Options:
-v VAR=VAL Set variable -F SEP Use SEP as field separator -f FILE Read program from file
- basename
- basename FILE [ SUFFIX ] Strip directory path and suffixes from FILE . If specified, also remove any trailing SUFFIX .
- beep
- beep -f freq -l length -d delay -r repetitions -n
Options:
-f Frequency in Hz -l Length in ms -d Delay in ms -r Repetitions -n Start new tone
- blkid
- blkid Print UUIDs of all filesystems
- brctl
- brctl COMMAND [ BRIDGE [ INTERFACE ]]
Manage ethernet bridges.
Commands:
show Show a list of bridges addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off
- bunzip2
- bunzip2 [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]
Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
Options:
-c Write to standard output -f Force
- bzcat
- bzcat FILE Uncompress to stdout
- bzip2
- bzip2 [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Compress FILE (s) with bzip2 algorithm. When FILE is '-' or unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.
Options:
-c Write to standard output -d Decompress -f Force -1..-9 Compression level
- cal cal [-jy] [[month] year]
- Display a calendar Options:
-j Use julian dates -y Display the entire year
- cat cat [-u] [ FILE ]...
- Concatenate FILE (s) and print them to stdout Options:
-u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)
- catv
- catv [-etv] [ FILE ]...
Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
Options:
-e End each line with $ -t Show tabs as ^I -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapes
- chat
- chat EXPECT [ SEND [ EXPECT [ SEND ...]]] Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script consists of one or more "expect-send" pairs of strings, each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'
- chattr
- chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v version] files...
Change file attributes on an ext2 fs
Modifiers:
- Remove attributes + Add attributes = Set attributes Attributes: A Don't track atime a Append mode only c Enable compress D Write dir contents synchronously d Do not backup with dump i Cannot be modified (immutable) j Write all data to journal first s Zero disk storage when deleted S Write file contents synchronously t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files u Allow file to be undeleted Options: -R Recursively list subdirectories -v Set the file's version/generation number - chgrp
- chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE ...
Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP
Options:
-R Recurse directories -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Do not traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v Verbose -f Hide errors
- chmod
- chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE ...
Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
Options:
-R Recurse directories -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errors
- chown
- chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[ GROUP ]] FILE ...
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
Options:
-R Recurse directories -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Do not traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errors
- chpasswd
- chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted]
Read user:password information from stdin and update /etc/passwd accordingly.
Options:
-e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form -m,--md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES
- chpst
- [-/ DIR ] [-n NICE ] [-m BYTES ] [-d BYTES ] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES ] [-c BYTES ] PROG ARGS
- Change the process state and run PROG
Options:
-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file -/ DIR Chroot to DIR -n NICE Add NICE to nice value -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -d BYTES Limit data segment -o N Limit number of open files per process -p N Limit number of processes per uid -f BYTES Limit output file sizes -c BYTES Limit core file size -v Verbose -P Create new process group -0 Close standard input -1 Close standard output -2 Close standard error - chroot
- chroot NEWROOT [ PROG [ ARGS ]] Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
- chrt
- chrt [ OPTIONS ] [ PRIO ] [ PID | PROG [ ARGS ]]
Manipulate real-time attributes of a process
Options:
-p Operate on pid -r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR -f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO -o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER -m Show min and max priorities
- chvt
- chvt N Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
- cksum
- cksum FILES ... Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES
- clear
- clear Clear screen
- cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [ FILE2 [ SKIP1 [ SKIP2 ]]]
- Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified Options:
-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal) for all differing bytes -s Quiet- comm
- comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2
Compare FILE1 to FILE2 , or to stdin if - is specified
Options:
-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 -3 Suppress lines common to both files
- cp cp [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE DEST
- Copy SOURCE to DEST , or multiple SOURCE (s) to DIRECTORY Options:
-a Same as -dpR -d,-P Preserve links -H,-L Dereference all symlinks (default) -p Preserve file attributes if possible -f Force overwrite -i Prompt before overwrite -R,-r Recurse directories -l,-s Create (sym)links
- cpio
- cpio -[tiopdmvu] [-F FILE ] [-H newc]
Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive Main operation mode:
-t List -i Extract -o Create -p Passthrough Options: -d Make leading directories -m Preserve mtime -v Verbose -u Overwrite -F Input file -H Define format - crond
- crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR
-f Foreground -b Background (default) -S Log to syslog (default) -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 -d Set log level, log to stderr -L Log to file -c Working dir
- crontab
- crontab [-c DIR ] [-u USER ] [-ler]|[ FILE ]
-c Crontab directory -u User -l List crontab -e Edit crontab -r Delete crontab FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin) - cryptpw
- cryptpw [ OPTIONS ] [ PASSWORD ] [ SALT ]
Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
Options:
-P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE -S,--salt=SALT
- cut cut [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
- Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output Options:
-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST -c LIST Output only characters from LIST -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter -s Output only the lines containing delimiter -f N Print only these fields -n Ignored
- date
- date [ OPTIONS ] [+FMT] [ TIME ]
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
Options:
[-s] TIME Set time to TIME -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string SPEC='date' (default) for date only, 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and time to the indicated precision -r FILE Display last modification time of FILE -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversionRecognized TIME formats:
hh:mm[:ss] [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
- dc dc expression...
- Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack (without altering the stack), f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output radix (value must be 10 or 16). Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16.
- dd
dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
[seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] - Copy a file with converting and formatting Options:
if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ibs=N Read N bytes at a time obs=N Write N bytes at a time count=N Copy only N input blocks skip=N Skip N input blocks seek=N Skip N output blocks conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file conv=noerror Continue after read errors conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824)- deallocvt
- deallocvt [N] Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
- delgroup
- delgroup [ USER ] GROUP Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP
- deluser
- deluser USER Delete USER from the system
- devmem
- devmem ADDRESS [ WIDTH [ VALUE ]]
Read/write from physical address
ADDRESS Address to act upon WIDTH Width (8/16/...) VALUE Data to be written
- df df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE ] [ FILESYSTEM ...]
- Print filesystem usage statistics Options:
-P POSIX output format -k 1024-byte blocks (default) -m 1M-byte blocks -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) -a Show all filesystems -i Inodes -B SIZE Blocksize
- dhcprelay
- dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] SERVER_IFACE [ SERVER_IP ] Relay DHCP requests between clients and server
- diff
- diff [-abdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL ] [-S FILE ] [-U LINES ] FILE1 FILE2
Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only.
Options:
-a Treat all files as text -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes -i Ignore case differences -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header -N Treat absent files as empty -q Output only whether files differ -r Recursively compare subdirectories -S Start with FILE when comparing directories -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary -s Report when two files are the same -t Expand tabs to spaces in output -U Output LINES lines of context -w Ignore all whitespace
- dirname
- dirname FILENAME Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
- dmesg
- dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL ] [-s SIZE ]
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
Options:
-c Clear ring buffer after printing -n LEVEL Set console logging level -s SIZE Buffer size
- dnsd
- dnsd [-c config] [-t seconds] [-p port] [-i iface-ip] [-d]
Small static DNS server daemon
Options:
-c Config filename -t TTL in seconds -p Listening port -i Listening ip (default all) -d Daemonize
- dos2unix
- dos2unix [ OPTION ] [ FILE ]
Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
Options:
-u dos2unix -d unix2dos
- du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [ FILE ]...
- Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes. Options:
-a Show file sizes too -H Follow symlinks on command line -L Follow all symlinks -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N -c Show grand total -l Count sizes many times if hard linked -s Display only a total for each argument -x Skip directories on different filesystems -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) -m Sizes in megabytes -k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
- dumpkmap
- dumpkmap > keymap Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output
- dumpleases
- dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE ]
Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd
Options:
-f,--file=FILE Leases file to load -r,--remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining -a,--absolute Interpret lease times as expire time
- echo
- echo [-neE] [ ARG ...]
Print the specified ARGs to stdout
Options:
-n Suppress trailing newline -e Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab) -E Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
- ed ed
- eject
- eject [-t] [-T] [ DEVICE ]
Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)
Options:
-s SCSI device -t Close tray -T Open/close tray (toggle)
- env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [ PROG [ ARGS ]]
- Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the specified environment Options:
-, -i Start with an empty environment -u Remove variable from the environment
- envdir
- envdir dir prog args Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory dir and run PROG
- envuidgid
- envuidgid account prog args Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG
- ether-wake
- ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC
Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known 'ethers'
entry.
Options:
-b Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address -i iface Interface to use (default eth0) -p pass Append four or six byte password PW to the packet
- expand
- expand [-i] [-t NUM ] [FILE|-]
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output.
Options:
-i,--initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
- expr
- expr EXPRESSION
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.
EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 % ARG2 STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 length STRING Length of STRING quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a keyword like 'match' or an operator like '/' (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSIONBeware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0. - fakeidentd
- fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR ] [ STRING ]
Provide fake ident (auth) service
Options:
-f Run in foreground -i Inetd mode -w Inetd 'wait' mode -b ADDR Bind to specified address STRING Ident answer string (default is 'nobody')
- false
- false Return an exit code of FALSE (1)
- fbset
- fbset [ OPTIONS ] [ MODE ] Show and modify frame buffer settings
- fbsplash
- fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV ] [-i INIFILE ] [-f CMD ]
Options:
-s Image -c Hide cursor -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) -i Config file (var=value): BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit' - fdflush
- fdflush DEVICE Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
- fdformat
- fdformat [-n] DEVICE
Format floppy disk
Options:
-n Don't verify after format
- fdisk
- fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS ] [-H HEADS ] [-S SECTORS ] [-b SSZ ] DISK
Change partition table
Options:
-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors -H HEADS -S SECTORS
- find
- find [ PATH ...] [ EXPRESSION ]
Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, default EXPRESSION is '-print'
EXPRESSION may consist of:
-follow Dereference symlinks -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies tests/actions to command line arguments only -mindepth N Do not act on first N levels -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN), or exactly (NNN) -mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly (N) days -mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly (N) minutes -newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's -inum N File has inode number N -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed) -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed) -depth Process directory name after traversing it -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)). +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N -print Print (default and assumed) -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than newlines -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the matching files -prune Stop traversing current subtree -delete Delete files, turns on -depth option (EXPR) Group an expression - findfs
- findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID
- fold
- fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH ] [ FILE ]
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to standard output
Options:
-b Count bytes rather than columns -s Break at spaces -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
- free
- free Display the amount of free and used system memory
- freeramdisk
- freeramdisk DEVICE Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
- fsck
- fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys...]
Check and repair filesystems
Options:
-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems -N Don't execute, just show what would be done -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel -R With -A, skip the root filesystem -T Don't show title on startup -V Verbose -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor -t type List of filesystem types to check
- fsck.minix
- fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name
Check MINIX filesystem
Options:
-l List all filenames -r Perform interactive repairs -a Perform automatic repairs -v Verbose -s Output superblock information -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings -f Force file system check
- fsync
- fsync [ OPTIONS ] FILE ...Write files' buffered blocks to disk
Options:
-d Avoid syncing metadata
- ftpd
- ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [ DIR ] FTP server
- ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd's line for inetd.conf: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from tcpsvd:
tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve
Options:
-w Allow upload -v Log to stderr -S Log to syslog -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts DIR Change root to this directory
- ftpget
- ftpget [ OPTIONS ] HOST LOCAL_FILE REMOTE_FILE
Retrieve a remote file via FTP
Options:
-c,--continue Continue previous transfer -v,--verbose Verbose -u,--username Username -p,--password Password -P,--port Port number
- ftpput
- ftpput [ OPTIONS ] HOST REMOTE_FILE LOCAL_FILE
Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP
Options:
-v,--verbose Verbose -u,--username Username -p,--password Password -P,--port Port number
- fuser
- fuser [ OPTIONS ] FILE or PORT/PROTO
Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
Options:
-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs -4 Search only IPv4 space -6 Search only IPv6 space -s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found -k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs) -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)
- getopt
- getopt [ OPTIONS ]
Parse options
-a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single - -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) -Q,--quiet-output No normal output -s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output
- getty
- getty [ OPTIONS ] BAUD_RATE TTY [ TERMTYPE ]
Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login
Options:
-h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control -i Do not display /etc/issue before running login -L Local line, do not do carrier detect -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue -n Do not prompt the user for a login name -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue -l login_app Invoke login_app instead of /bin/login -t timeout Terminate after timeout if no username is read -I initstring Init string to send before anything else -H login_host Log login_host into the utmp file as the hostname
- grep
- grep [-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] PATTERN [ FILE ]...
Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input
Options:
-H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output -r Recurse subdirectories -i Ignore case distinctions -l List names of files that match -L List names of files that do not match -n Print line number with output lines -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise -v Select non-matching lines -s Suppress file open/read error messages -c Only print count of matching lines -o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN -m MAX Match up to MAX times per file -w Match whole words only -F PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings -E PATTERN is an extended regular expression -e PTRN Pattern to match -f FILE Read pattern from file -A Print NUM lines of trailing context -B Print NUM lines of leading context -C Print NUM lines of output context -z Input is NUL terminated
- gunzip
- gunzip [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)
Options:
-c Write to standard output -f Force -t Test file integrity
- gzip
- gzip [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Compress FILEs (or standard input)
Options:
-c Write to standard output -d Decompress -f Force
- halt
- halt [-d delay] [-n] [-f] [-w]
Halt the system
Options:
-d Delay interval for halting -n No call to sync() -f Force halt (don't go through init) -w Only write a wtmp record
- hd hd FILE ...
- hd is an alias for hexdump -C
- hdparm
- hdparm [ OPTIONS ] [ DEVICE ]
Options:
-a Get/set fs readahead -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting -C Check IDE power mode status -d Get/set using_dma flag -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit -g Display drive geometry -h Display terse usage information -i Display drive identification -I Detailed/current information directly from drive -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -m Get/set multiple sector count -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) -P Set drive prefetch count -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -S Set standby (spindown) timeout -t Perform device read timings -T Perform cache read timings -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -U Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives -V Display program version and exit immediately -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) -y Put IDE drive in standby mode -Y Put IDE drive to sleep -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode -z Re-read partition table
- head
- head [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE , precede each with a header giving the file
name. With no FILE , or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Options:
-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 -c NUM Output the first NUM bytes -q Never output headers giving file names -v Always output headers giving file names
- hexdump
- hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE ...
Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format
Options:
-b One-byte octal display -c One-byte character display -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line -d Two-byte decimal display -e FORMAT STRING -f FORMAT FILE -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input -o Two-byte octal display -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes -v Display all input data -x Two-byte hexadecimal display -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'
- hostid
- hostid Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
- hostname
- hostname [ OPTIONS ] [ HOSTNAME | -F FILE ]
Get or set hostname or DNS domain name
Options:
-s Short -i Addresses for the hostname -d DNS domain name -f Fully qualified domain name -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname
- httpd
- httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE ] [-p [ IP: ]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM ] [-h HOME ] or httpd
-d/-e/-m STRING
Listen for incoming HTTP requests
Options:
-i Inetd mode -f Do not daemonize -v[v] Verbose -c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf) -p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80) -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication -h HOME Home directory (default .) -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING -e STRING HTML encode STRING -d STRING URL decode STRING
- hwclock
- hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f FILE ]
Query and set hardware clock ( RTC )
Options:
-r Show hardware clock time -s Set system time from hardware clock -w Set hardware clock to system time -u Hardware clock is in UTC -l Hardware clock is in local time -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
- id id [ OPTIONS ] [ USER ]
- Print information about USER or the current user Options:
-u Print user ID -g Print group ID -G Print supplementary group IDs -n Print name instead of a number -r Print real user ID instead of effective ID
- ifconfig
- ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
Configure a network interface
Options:
[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] [up|down] ...
- ifdown
- ifdown [-ainmvf] ifaces...
Options:
-a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configuration - ifenslave
- ifenslave [-cdf] master-iface <slave-iface...>
Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
Options:
-c, --change-active Change active slave -d, --detach Remove slave interface from bonding device -f, --force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet
- ifplugd
- ifplugd [ OPTIONS ]
Network interface plug detection daemon.
Options:
-n Do not daemonize -s Do not log to syslog -i IFACE Interface -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up (otherwise exit on error) -a Do not up interface automatically -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface (otherwise it must exist) -r PROG Script to run -x ARG Extra argument for script -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script -p Don't run script on daemon startup -q Don't run script on daemon quit -l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected -t SECS Poll time in seconds -u SECS Delay before running script after link up -d SECS Delay after link down -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto) -k Kill running daemon - ifup
- ifup [-ainmvf] ifaces...
Options:
-a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configuration - inetd
- inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [ CONFFILE ]
Listen for network connections and launch programs
Options:
-f Run in foreground -e Log to stderr -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128) -R N Pause services after N connects/min (default: 0 - disabled) - init
- init Init is the parent of all processes
- insmod
- insmod [ OPTIONS ] MODULE [symbol=value]...
Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel
Options:
-f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version -k Make module autoclean-able -v Verbose -q Quiet -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module -m Output load map to stdout -o NAME Set internal module name to NAME -x Do not export externs
- install
- install [-cdDsp] [-o USER ] [-g GRP ] [-m MODE ] [source] dest|directory
Copy files and set attributes
Options:
-c Just copy (default) -d Create directories -D Create leading target directories -s Strip symbol table -p Preserve date -o USER Set ownership -g GRP Set group ownership -m MODE Set permissions
- ionice
- ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID ] [ PROG ]
Change I/O scheduling class and priority
Options:
-c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle -n Priority
- ip ip [ OPTIONS ] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} { COMMAND }
- ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND } where OBJECT := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] }
- ipaddr
- ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush}
[dev STRING ] [to PREFIX ] }
ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev STRING ] [scope SCOPE-ID ]
[to PREFIX ] [label PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX
[broadcast ADDR ] [anycast ADDR ]
[label STRING ] [scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER ] - ipcalc
- ipcalc [ OPTIONS ] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [ NETMASK ]
Calculate IP network settings from a IP address
Options:
-b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address -n,--network Display calculated network address -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages
- ipcrm
- ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]
Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.
Options:
-mM Remove memory segment after last detach -qQ Remove message queue -sS Remove semaphore
- ipcs
- ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]
-i Show specific resource Resource specification: -m Shared memory segments -q Message queues -s Semaphore arrays -a All (default) Output format: -t Time -c Creator -p Pid -l Limits -u Summary - iplink
- iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [ DEVICE ] }
- iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } |
dynamic { on | off } |
mtu MTU } iplink show [ DEVICE ] - iproute
- replace | monitor } ROUTE }
iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS iif STRING ]
[oif STRING ] [tos TOS ] iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE
SELECTOR := [root PREFIX ] [match PREFIX ] [proto RTPROTO ]
ROUTE := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [tos TOS ] [proto RTPROTO ]
[metric METRIC ] - iprule
- iprule {[list | add | del] RULE }
- iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION
SELECTOR := [from PREFIX ] [to PREFIX ] [tos TOS ] [fwmark FWMARK ]
[dev STRING ] [pref NUMBER ]
ACTION := [table TABLE_ID ] [nat ADDRESS ]
[prohibit | reject | unreachable]
[realms [ SRCREALM/ ]DSTREALM]
TABLE_ID := [local | main | default | NUMBER ] - iptunnel
- [mode { ipip | gre | sit }]
[remote ADDR ] [local ADDR ] [ttl TTL ]
iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [ NAME ]
[mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote ADDR ] [local ADDR ]
[[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY ] [[i|o]csum]
[ttl TTL ] [tos TOS ] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV ] - kbd_mode
- kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY ]
Report or set the keyboard mode
Options set mode:
-a Default (ASCII) -k Medium-raw (keyboard) -s Raw (scancode) -u Unicode (utf-8) -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
- kill
- kill [-l] [-SIG] PID ...
Send a signal (default is TERM ) to given PIDs
Options:
-l List all signal names and numbers
- killall
- killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name...
Send a signal (default is TERM ) to given processes
Options:
-l List all signal names and numbers -q Do not complain if no processes were killed
- killall5
- killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID ]...
Send a signal (default is TERM ) to all processes outside current session
Options:
-l List all signal names and numbers -o PID Do not signal this PID
- klogd
- klogd [-c N] [-n]
Kernel logger
Options:
-c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console -n Run in foreground
- last
- last [-HW] [-f file]
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
Options:
-W Display with no host column truncation -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp
- length
- length STRING Print STRING 's length
- less
- less [-EMNmh~I?] [ FILE ]...
View a file or list of files. The position within files can be changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.
Options:
-E Quit once the end of a file is reached -M,-m Display a status line containing the line numbers and percentage through the file -N Prefix line numbers to each line -I Ignore case in all searches -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file - ln ln [ OPTIONS ] TARGET ... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
- Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET . Use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options. Options:
-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks -f Remove existing destination files -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
- loadfont
- loadfont < font Load a console font from standard input
- loadkmap
- loadkmap < keymap Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input
- logger
- logger [ OPTIONS ] [ MESSAGE ]
Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.
Options:
-s Log to stderr as well as the system log -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)
- login
- login [-p] [-h HOST ] [[-f] USER ]
Begin a new session on the system
Options:
-f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated) -h Name of the remote host -p Preserve environment
- logname
- logname Print the name of the current user
- logread
- logread [ OPTIONS ]
Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
Options:
-f Output data as log grows
- losetup
- losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup [-f] - show
- Options:
-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE -f Show first free loop device
- lpd lpd SPOOLDIR [ HELPER [ ARGS ]]
- SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example:
tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print
- lpq lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME ] [-d JOBID ...] [-fs]
- Options:
-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -d Delete jobs -f Force any waiting job to be printed -s Short display
- lpr lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [ FILE ]...
- Options:
-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -m Send mail on completion -h Print banner page too -V Verbose
- ls ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [ FILE ]...
- List directory contents Options:
-1 List in a single column -A Don't list . and .. -a Don't hide entries starting with . -C List by columns -c With -l: sort by ctime --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring -d List directory entries instead of contents -e List full date and time -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries -i List inode numbers -l Long listing format -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries -L List entries pointed to by symlinks -R List subdirectories recursively -r Sort in reverse order -S Sort by file size -s List the size of each file, in blocks -T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns -t With -l: sort by modification time -u With -l: sort by access time -v Sort by version -w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide -x List by lines -X Sort by extension -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)- lsattr
- lsattr [-Radlv] [ FILE ]...
List file attributes on an ext2 fs
Options:
-R Recursively list subdirectories -a Do not hide entries starting with . -d List directory entries instead of contents -l List long flag names -v List the file's version/generation number
- lsmod
- lsmod List the currently loaded kernel modules
- lzmacat
- lzmacat FILE Uncompress to stdout
- makedevs
- makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device table entries take the form of:
- <type> <mode> <uid> <gid>
<major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
Where name is the file name, type can
be one of:
f
Regular file
d
Directory
c
Character device
b
Block device
p
Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries. - makemime
- makemime [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs.
Options:
-o FILE Output. Default: stdout -a HDR Add header. Examples: "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" -c CT Content type. Default: text/plain -C CS Charset. Default: us-asciiOther options are silently ignored - man man [ OPTIONS ] [ MANPAGE ]...
- Format and display manual page Options:
-a Display all pages -w Show page locations
- md5sum
- md5sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: md5sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ]
Print or check MD5 checksums
Options:
-c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
- mdev
- mdev [-s]
-s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot
It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG] - mesg
- mesg [y|n]
- Control write access to your terminal
y
Allow write access to your terminal
n
Disallow write access to your terminal - microcom
- microcom [-d DELAY ] [-t TIMEOUT ] [-s SPEED ] [-X] TTY
Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout
Options:
-d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every next byte to it -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms -s Set serial line to SPEED -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin - mkdir
- mkdir [ OPTIONS ] DIRECTORY ...
Create DIRECTORY
Options:
-m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask -p No error if existing, make parent directories as needed
- mkdosfs
- mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL ] FILE_OR_DEVICE [ SIZE_IN_KB ]
Make a FAT32 filesystem
Options:
-v Verbose -n LBL Volume label
- mkfifo
- mkfifo [ OPTIONS ] name
Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
Options:
-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
- mkfs.minix
- mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]
Make a MINIX filesystem
Options:
-c Check device for bad blocks -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem -l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME -v Make version 2 filesystem
- mkfs.vfat
- mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL ] FILE_OR_DEVICE [ SIZE_IN_KB ]
Make a FAT32 filesystem
Options:
-v Verbose -n LBL Volume label
- mknod
- mknod [ OPTIONS ] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
Options:
-m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) TYPEs include: b: Make a block device c or u: Make a character device p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored) - mkpasswd
- mkpasswd [ OPTIONS ] [ PASSWORD ] [ SALT ]
Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
Options:
-P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE -S,--salt=SALT
- mkswap
- mkswap DEVICE Prepare block device to be used as swap partition
- mktemp
- mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR ] [ TEMPLATE ]
Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g.
[/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
Options:
-d Make a directory instead of a file -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)
For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR , else /tmp - modprobe
- modprobe [-knqrsv] MODULE [symbol=value...]
Options:
-k Make module autoclean-able -n Dry run -q Quiet -r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean -s Report via syslog instead of stderr -v Verbose -b Apply blacklist to module names too
- more
- more [ FILE ]... View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time
- mount
- mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o OPT ,OPT]
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc be mounted.
Options:
-a Mount all filesystems in fstab -f Dry run -r Read-only mount -w Read-write mount (default) -t FSTYPE Filesystem type -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) -o OPT: loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted bind Bind a directory to an additional location move Relocate an existing mount point remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags ro/rw Read-only/read-write mountThere are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems - mountpoint
- mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE >
Check if the directory is a mountpoint
Options:
-q Quiet -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem -n Print device name of the filesystem -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice
- mt mt [-f device] opcode value
- Control magnetic tape drive operation
Available Opcodes:
bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset - mv mv [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE DEST or: mv [ OPTIONS ] SOURCE ... DIRECTORY
- Rename SOURCE to DEST , or move SOURCE (s) to DIRECTORY Options:
-f Don't prompt before overwriting -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
- nameif
- nameif [-s] [-c FILE ] [{ IFNAME MACADDR }]
Rename network interface while it in the down state
Options:
-c FILE Use configuration file (default is /etc/mactab) -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility) IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address
- nc nc [ OPTIONS ] HOST PORT - connect nc [ OPTIONS ] -l -p PORT [ HOST ] [ PORT ] - listen
- Options:
-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) -l Listen mode, for inbound connects -n Don't do DNS resolution -s ADDR Local address -p PORT Local port -u UDP mode -v Verbose -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent -o FILE Hex dump traffic -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)
- netstat
- netstat [-laentuwxrWp]
Display networking information
Options:
-l Display listening server sockets -a Display all sockets (default: connected) -e Display other/more information -n Don't resolve names -t Tcp sockets -u Udp sockets -w Raw sockets -x Unix sockets -r Display routing table -W Display with no column truncation -p Display PID/Program name for sockets
- nice
- nice [-n ADJUST ] [ PROG [ ARGS ]]
Run PROG with modified scheduling priority
Options:
-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST
- nmeter
- nmeter format_string
Monitor system in real time
Format specifiers:
%Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10 (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) %[niface] Monitor network interface 'iface' %m Monitor allocated memory %[mf] Monitor free memory %[mt] Monitor total memory %s Monitor allocated swap %f Monitor number of used file descriptors %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate %x Monitor context switch rate %p Monitor forks %[pn] Monitor # of processes %b Monitor block io %Nt Show time (with N decimal points) %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000) %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL - nohup
- nohup PROG [ ARGS ] Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
- nslookup
- nslookup [ HOST ] [ SERVER ] Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server
- od od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE ] [ FILE ]
- Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With no FILE or when FILE is -, read standard input.
- openvt
- openvt [-c N] [-sw] [ PROG [ ARGS ]]
Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
Options:
-c N Use specified VT -s Switch to the VT -w Wait for PROG to exit
- passwd
- passwd [ OPTIONS ] [ USER ]
Change USER 's password. If no USER is specified, changes the password for the current user.
Options:
-a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5) -d Delete password for the account -l Lock (disable) account -u Unlock (re-enable) account
- patch
- patch [-p NUM ] [-i DIFF ] [-R] [-N]
-p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin -R Reverse patch -N Ignore already applied patches
- pgrep
- pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
Options:
-l Show command name too -f Match against entire command line -n Show the newest process only -o Show the oldest process only -v Negate the match -x Match whole name (not substring) -s Match session ID (0 for current) -P Match parent process ID
- pidof
- pidof [ OPTIONS ] [ NAME ...]
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
Options:
-s Show only one PID -o PID Omit given pid Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent - ping
- ping [ OPTIONS ] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
Options:
-4, -6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution -c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10) (after all -c CNT packets are sent) -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) (can exit earlier with -c CNT) -q Quiet, only displays output at start and when finished - ping6
- ping6 [ OPTIONS ] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
Options:
-c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -q Quiet, only displays output at start and when finished - pivot_root
- pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system
- pkill
- pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
Options:
-l List all signals -f Match against entire command line -n Signal the newest process only -o Signal the oldest process only -v Negate the match -x Match whole name (not substring) -s Match session ID (0 for current) -P Match parent process ID
- popmaildir
- popmaildir [ OPTIONS ] Maildir [connection-helper ...]
Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir
Options:
-b Binary mode. Ignored -d Debug. Ignored -m Show used memory. Ignored -V Show version. Ignored -c Use tcpclient. Ignored -a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP -> use it -s Skip authorization -T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR -k Keep retrieved messages on the server -t timeout Set network timeout -F "program arg1 arg2 ..." Filter by program. May be multiple -M "program arg1 arg2 ..." Deliver by program -R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored -Z N1-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored -L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored -H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored
- poweroff
- poweroff [-d delay] [-n] [-f]
Halt and shut off power
Options:
-d Delay interval for halting -n No call to sync() -f Force power off (don't go through init)
- printenv
- printenv [ VARIABLES ...] Print all or part of environment. If no environment VARIABLE specified, print them all.
- printf
- printf FORMAT [ ARGUMENT ...] Format and print ARGUMENT (s) according to FORMAT , where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf
- ps ps
- Report process status Options:
-o col1,col2=header Select columns for display
- pscan
- pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT ] [-P MAX_PORT ] [-t TIMEOUT ] [-T MIN_RTT ] HOST
Scan a host, print all open ports
Options:
-c Show closed ports too -b Show blocked ports too -p Scan from this port (default 1) -P Scan up to this port (default 1024) -t Timeout (default 5000 ms) -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)
- pwd pwd
- Print the full filename of the current working directory
- raidautorun
- raidautorun DEVICE Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays
- rdate
- rdate [-sp] HOST
Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST
Options:
-s Set the system date and time (default) -p Print the date and time
- rdev
- rdev Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'
- readahead
- readahead [ FILE ]... Preload FILE (s) in RAM cache so that subsequent reads for thosefiles do not block on disk I/O
- readlink
- readlink [-fnv] FILE
Display the value of a symlink
Options:
-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks -n Don't add newline -v Verbose
- readprofile
- readprofile [ OPTIONS ]
Options:
-m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map) -p profile (Default: /proc/profile) -M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult -i Print only info about the sampling step -v Verbose -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 -b Print individual histogram-bin counts -s Print individual counters within functions -r Reset all the counters (root only) -n Disable byte order auto-detection
- realpath
- realpath pathname... Return the absolute pathnames of given argument
- reboot
- reboot [-d delay] [-n] [-f]
Reboot the system
Options:
-d Delay interval for rebooting -n No call to sync() -f Force reboot (don't go through init)
- reformime
- reformime [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Parse MIME-encoded message
Options:
-x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files -X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog. Must be the last optionOther options are silently ignored. - renice
- renice {{-n INCREMENT } | PRIORITY } [[-p | -g | -u] ID ...]
Change priority of running processes
Options:
-n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) -p Process id(s) (default) -g Process group id(s) -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)
- reset
- reset Reset the screen
- resize
- resize Resize the screen
- rm rm [ OPTIONS ] FILE ...
- Remove (unlink) the FILE (s). Use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options. Options:
-i Always prompt before removing -f Never prompt -r,-R Remove directories recursively
- rmdir
- rmdir [ OPTIONS ] DIRECTORY ...
Remove the DIRECTORY , if it is empty.
Options:
-p|--parents Include parents -ignore-fail-on-non-empty
- rmmod
- rmmod [ OPTIONS ] [ MODULE ]...
Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel
Options:
-w Wait until the module is no longer used -f Force unloading -a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
- route
- route [{add|del|delete}]
Edit kernel routing tables
Options:
-n Don't resolve names -e Display other/more information -A inet{6} Select address family - rpm rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm
- Manipulate RPM packages Options:
-i Install package -q Query package -p Query uninstalled package -i Show information -l List contents -d List documents -c List config files
- rpm2cpio
- rpm2cpio package.rpm Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
- rtcwake
- rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV ] [-m MODE ] [-s SEC | -t TIME ]
Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
-a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime -l,--local Clock is set to local time -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby) -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch
- run-parts
- run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG ] [-u MASK ] DIRECTORY
Run a bunch of scripts in a directory
Options:
-t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program -l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable
- runlevel
- runlevel [utmp]
Find the current and previous system runlevel.
If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print "unknown" - runsv
- runsv dir Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service
- runsvdir
- runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT ] dir
Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.
-P Put each runsv in a new session -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed
- rx rx FILE
- Receive a file using the xmodem protocol
- script
- script [-afqt] [-c PROG ] [ OUTFILE ]
Options:
-a Append output -c Run PROG, not shell -f Flush output after each write -q Quiet -t Send timing to stderr
- scriptreplay
- scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]] Play back typescripts, using timing information
- sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [ FILE ]...
- Options:
-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed -i Edit files in-place -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space -r Use extended regex syntax
If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. Source files will not be modified unless -i option is given.- sendmail
- sendmail [ OPTIONS ] [ RECIPIENT_EMAIL ]...
Read email from stdin and send it
Standard options:
-t Read additional recipients from message body -f sender Sender (required) -o options Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored
Busybox specific options:
-w seconds Network timeout -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper Examples: -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] -S server[:port] Server -au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN -ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN -am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is impliedOther options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied Use makemime applet to create message with attachments - seq seq [-w] [-s SEP ] [ FIRST [ INC ]] LAST
- Print numbers from FIRST to LAST , in steps of INC . FIRST , INC default to 1 Options:
-w Pad to last with leading zeros -s SEP String separator
- setarch
- setarch personality program [args...]
Personality may be:
linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation
- setconsole
- setconsole [-r|--reset] [ DEVICE ]
Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)
Options:
-r Reset output to /dev/console
- setfont
- setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE ] [-C TTY ]
Load a console font
Options:
-m MAPFILE Load console screen map -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
- setkeycodes
- setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in decimal - setlogcons
- setlogcons N Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)
- setsid
- setsid PROG [ ARG ...] Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See setsid(2) for details.
- setuidgid
- setuidgid account prog args Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary groups and run PROG
- sha1sum
- sha1sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: sha1sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ]
Print or check SHA1 checksums.
Options:
-c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
- sha256sum
- sha256sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: sha256sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ]
Print or check SHA1 checksums.
Options:
-c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
- sha512sum
- sha512sum [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]... or: sha512sum [ OPTIONS ] -c [ FILE ]
Print or check SHA1 checksums.
Options:
-c Check sums against given list -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
- showkey
- showkey [-a | -k | -s]
Show keys pressed
Options:
-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) -s Display raw scan-codes
- slattach
- slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED ] [-p PROTOCOL ] DEVICE
Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)
Options:
-p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive) -s SPD Set line speed -e Exit after initializing device -h Exit when the carrier is lost -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode -L Enable 3-wire operation -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control
- sleep
- sleep [N]... Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays
- softlimit
- [-f BYTES ] [-c BYTES ] [-r BYTES ] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS
- Set soft resource limits, then run PROG
Options:
-a BYTES Limit total size of all segments -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES -d BYTES Limit data segment -s BYTES Limit stack segment -l BYTES Limit locked memory size -o N Limit number of open files per process -p N Limit number of processes per uid Options controlling file sizes: -f BYTES Limit output file sizes -c BYTES Limit core file size Efficiency opts: -r BYTES Limit resident set size -t N Limit CPU time, process receives a SIGXCPU after N seconds - sort
- sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE ] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR ] [ FILE ]...
Sort lines of text
Options:
-b Ignore leading blanks -c Check whether input is sorted -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) -f Ignore case -g General numerical sort -i Ignore unprintable characters -k Sort key -M Sort month -n Sort numbers -o Output to file -k Sort by key -t CHAR Key separator -r Reverse sort order -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) -u Suppress duplicate lines -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility
- split
- split [ OPTIONS ] [ INPUT [ PREFIX ]]
Options:
-b n[k|m] Split by bytes -l n Split by lines -a n Use n letters as suffix
- start-stop-daemon
- start-stop-daemon [ OPTIONS ] [-S|-K] ... [-- arguments...]
Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.
Process matching:
-u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME in comm field in /proc/PID/stat -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command in /proc/PID/cmdline -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file All specified conditions must match -S only: -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument -b,--background Background -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p -K only: -s,--signal SIG Signal to send -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found Other: -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done -v,--verbose Verbose -q,--quiet Quiet - stat
- stat [ OPTIONS ] FILE ...
Display file (default) or filesystem status
Options:
-c fmt Use the specified format -f Display filesystem status -L Dereference links -t Display info in terse form
Valid format sequences for files:
%a Access rights in octal %A Access rights in human readable form %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b %d Device number in decimal %D Device number in hex %f Raw mode in hex %F File type %g Group ID of owner %G Group name of owner %h Number of hard links %i Inode number %n File name %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink %o I/O block size %s Total size, in bytes %t Major device type in hex %T Minor device type in hex %u User ID of owner %U User name of owner %x Time of last access %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch %y Time of last modification %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch %z Time of last change %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser %b Total data blocks in file system %c Total file nodes in file system %d Free file nodes in file system %f Free blocks in file system %i File System ID in hex %l Maximum length of filenames %n File name %s Block size (for faster transfer) %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) %t Type in hex %T Type in human readable form
- strings
- strings [-afo] [-n LEN ] [ FILE ]...
Display printable strings in a binary file
Options:
-a Scan whole file (default) -f Precede strings with filenames -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) -o Precede strings with decimal offsets
- stty
- stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE ] [ SETTING ]...
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane
Options:
-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin -a Print all current settings in human-readable form -g Print in stty-readable form [SETTING] See manpage
- su su [ OPTIONS ] [-] [username]
- Change user id or become root Options:
-p, -m Preserve environment -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell
- sulogin
- sulogin [ OPTIONS ] [ TTY ]
Single user login
Options:
-t N Timeout
- sum sum [-rs] [ FILE ]...
- Checksum and count the blocks in a file Options:
-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)
- sv sv [-v] [-w sec] command service...
- Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first character is enough):
- if it exists. After it stops, do not restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP , CONT , HUP , ALRM , INT , QUIT , USR1 , USR2 , TERM , KILL signal to service
- svlogd
- svlogd [-ttv] [-r c] [-R abc] [-l len] [-b buflen] dir... Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically rotated logs
- swapoff
- swapoff [-a] [ DEVICE ]
Stop swapping on DEVICE
Options:
-a Stop swapping on all swap devices
- swapon
- swapon [-a] [-p pri] [ DEVICE ]
Start swapping on DEVICE
Options:
-a Start swapping on all swap devices -p pri Set swap device priority
- switch_root
- switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ ARGS ]
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
chroot to NEW_ROOT , delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT . PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
Options:
-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
- sync
- sync Write all buffered blocks to disk
- sysctl
- sysctl [ OPTIONS ] [ VALUE ]...
Configure kernel parameters at runtime
Options:
-n Don't print key names -e Don't warn about unknown keys -w Change sysctl setting -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf) -a Display all values -A Display all values in table form
- syslogd
- syslogd [ OPTIONS ]
System logging utility. Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
Options:
-n Run in foreground -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) -l n Set local log level -S Smaller logging output -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off) -b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge) -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) -D Drop duplicates -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)
- tac tac [ FILE ]...
- Concatenate FILE (s) and print them in reverse
- tail
- tail [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE , precede each with a header giving the file
name. With no FILE , or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Options:
-c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes -n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10 -f Output data as the file grows -q Never output headers giving file names -s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f -v Always output headers giving file names
If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2). - tar tar -[czjaZxtvO] [-X FILE ] [-f TARFILE ] [-C DIR ] [ FILE (s)]...
- Create, extract, or list files from a tar file Options:
c Create x Extract t List Archive format selection: z Filter the archive through gzip j Filter the archive through bzip2 a Filter the archive through lzma Z Filter the archive through compress File selection: f Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin O Extract to stdout exclude File to exclude X File with names to exclude C Change to directory DIR before operation v Verbose- tcpsvd
- tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER ] [-l NAME ] IP PORT PROG
Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connection. Run PROG for each connection.
IP IP to listen on. '0' = all PORT Port to listen on PROG [ARGS] Program to run -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP New connections from this IP address are closed immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close -h Look up peer's hostname -E Do not set up environment variables -v Verbose - tee tee [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
- Copy standard input to each FILE , and also to standard output Options:
-a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
- telnet
- telnet [-a] [-l USER ] HOST [ PORT ]
Connect to telnet server
Options:
-a Automatic login with $USER variable -l USER Automatic login as USER
- telnetd
- telnetd [ OPTIONS ]
Handle incoming telnet connections
Options:
-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect -f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue -K Close connection as soon as login exits (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) -p PORT Port to listen on -b ADDR Address to bind to -F Run in foreground -i Run as inetd subservice - test
- test EXPRESSION ] Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code depending on logical value of EXPRESSION
- tftp
- tftp [ OPTIONS ] HOST [ PORT ]
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
Options:
-l FILE Local FILE -r FILE Remote FILE -g Get file -p Put file -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets
- tftpd
- tftpd [-cr] [-u USER ] [ DIR ] Transfer a file on tftp client's request.
- tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd's line for inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from udpsvd:
udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve
Options:
-r Prohibit upload -c Allow file creation via upload -u Access files as USER
- time
- time [ OPTIONS ] PROG [ ARGS ]
Run PROG . When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.
Options:
-v Verbose
- timeout
- timeout [-t SECS ] [-s SIG ] PROG [ ARGS ] Runs PROG . Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM .
- top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS]
- Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen.
- touch
- touch [-c] [-d DATE ] FILE [ FILE ]...
Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
Options:
-c Do not create files -d DT Date/time to use
- tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [ STRING2 ]
- Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output Options:
-c Take complement of STRING1 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
- traceroute
- [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] [-g gateway] [-i iface] [-z pausemsecs] HOST [data size]
- Trace the route to HOST
Options:
-F Set the don't fragment bit -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams -l Display the ttl value of the returned packet -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host -v Verbose -m max_ttl Max time-to-live (max number of hops) -p port# Base UDP port number used in probes (default is 33434) -q nqueries Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3) -s src_addr IP address to use as the source address -t tos Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) -w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3 sec) -g Loose source route gateway (8 max) - true
- true Return an exit code of TRUE (0)
- tty tty
- Print file name of standard input's terminal Options:
-s Print nothing, only return exit status
- ttysize
- ttysize [w] [h] Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return 80x25
- tunctl
- tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b]
Create or delete tun interfaces Options:
-f name tun device (/dev/net/tun) -t name Create iface 'name' -d name Delete iface 'name' -u owner Set iface owner -g group Set iface group -b Brief output
- udhcpc
- [-p pidfile] [-r IP ] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N]
-V,--vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier -i,--interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -H,-h,--hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname -c,--clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier -C,--clientid-none Suppress default client identifier -p,--pidfile=file Create pidfile -r,--request=IP IP address to request -s,--script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -t,--retries=N Send up to N request packets -T,--timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3) -A,--tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure -O,--request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative) -o,--no-default-options Do not request any options (unless -O is also given) -f,--foreground Run in foreground -b,--background Background if lease is not immediately obtained -S,--syslog Log to syslog too -n,--now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained -q,--quit Quit after obtaining lease -R,--release Release IP on quit -P,--client-port N Use port N instead of default 68 -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address
- udhcpd
- udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile]
DHCP server
-f Run in foreground -S Log to syslog too -P N Use port N instead of default 67
- udpsvd
- udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER ] [-l NAME ] IP PORT PROG
Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all
further packets with same peer ip:port to it.
IP IP to listen on. '0' = all PORT Port to listen on PROG [ARGS] Program to run -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -h Look up peer's hostname -E Do not set up environment variables -v Verbose
- umount
- umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
Unmount file systems
Options:
-a Unmount all file systems -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) -d Free loop device if it has been used
- uname
- uname [-amnrspv]
Print system information.
Options:
-a Print all -m The machine (hardware) type -n Hostname -r OS release -s OS name (default) -p Processor type -v OS version
- uncompress
- uncompress [-c] [-f] [name...]
Uncompress .Z file[s]
Options:
-c Extract to stdout -f Overwrite an existing file
- unexpand
- unexpand [-f][-a][-t NUM ] [FILE|-]
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output.
Options:
-a,--all Convert all blanks -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
- uniq
- uniq [-fscduw]... [ INPUT [ OUTPUT ]]
Discard duplicate lines
Options:
-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences -d Only print duplicate lines -u Only print unique lines -f N Skip first N fields -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) -w N Compare N characters in line
- unix2dos
- unix2dos [ OPTION ] [ FILE ]
Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
Options:
-u dos2unix -d unix2dos
- unlzma
- unlzma [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
Uncompress FILE (or stdin)
Options:
-c Write to stdout -f Force
- unxz
- unxz [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]
Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
Options:
-c Write to standard output -f Force
- unzip
- unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
Extract files from ZIP archives
Options:
-l List archive contents (with -q for short form) -n Never overwrite existing files (default) -o Overwrite files without prompting -p Send output to stdout -q Quiet -x Exclude these files -d Extract files into this directory
- uptime
- uptime Display the time since the last boot
- usleep
- usleep N Pause for N microseconds
- uudecode
- uudecode [-o outfile] [infile] Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given
- uuencode
- uuencode [-m] [infile] stored_filename
Uuencode a file to stdout
Options:
-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
- vconfig
- vconfig COMMAND [ OPTIONS ]
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
Options:
add [interface-name] [vlan_id] rem [vlan-name] set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1] set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] set_name_type [name-type]
- vi vi [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
- Edit FILE Options:
-c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) -R Read-only - do not write to the file -H Short help regarding available features
- vlock
- vlock [ OPTIONS ]
Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
Options:
-a Lock all VTs
- volname
- volname [ DEVICE ] Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)
- watch
- watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ ARGS ]
Run PROG periodically
Options:
-n Loop period in seconds (default 2) -t Don't print header
- watchdog
- watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV
Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
Options:
-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) -F Run in foreground
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds - wc wc [ OPTIONS ] [ FILE ]...
- Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE , and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE , read standard input. Options:
-c Print the byte counts -l Print the newline counts -L Print the length of the longest line -w Print the word counts
- wget
- [--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR ] [-U|--user-agent agent] url
- Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
Options:
-s Spider mode - only check file existence -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer -q Quiet -P Set directory prefix to DIR -O Save to filename ('-' for stdout) -U Adjust 'User-Agent' field -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off') - which
- which [ COMMAND ]... Locate a COMMAND
- who who [-a]
- Show who is logged on Options:
-a show all
- whoami
- whoami Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
- xargs
- xargs [ OPTIONS ] [ PROG [ ARGS ]]
Run PROG on every item given by standard input
Options:
-p Ask user whether to run each command -r Do not run command if input is empty -0 Input is separated by NUL characters -t Print the command on stderr before execution -e[STR] STR stops input processing -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes -x Exit if size is exceeded
- xzcat
- xzcat FILE Uncompress to stdout
- yes yes [ OPTIONS ] [ STRING ]
- Repeatedly output a line with STRING , or 'y'
- zcat
- zcat FILE Uncompress to stdout
- zcip
- zcip [ OPTIONS ] IFACE SCRIPT
Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
Options:
-f Run in foreground -q Quit after obtaining address -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first -v Verbose
With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)
Libc Nss
GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch ( NSS ) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS . Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS .If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP , BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS . This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.
When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.
Maintainer
Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>from http://linux.die.net/man/1/busybox
-------------------------------------------------------
Busybox for android
The toolbox that is provided on the Android environment is pretty limited. I wanted something more useful and familiar. Busybox to the rescue!
I have a busybox binary available for those who are interested.
To use it simply do
# mkdir /data/busybox, on your
emulated console. Then copy the busybox binary across: $ adb
push busybox /data/busybox/busybox. Once you do this you can
install the necessary hardlinks by doing: # cd /data/busybox;
./busybox --install. Once doing this you should have links to
all the applets in the /data/busybox directory. To
make this useful you probably want to put this into your PATH:
# export PATH=/data/busybox:$PATH.
You should now be able to get access to all the useful busybox applets.
Update:busybox was a straight compile of the standard busybox 1.8.1 release. No changes were made to the source. Source code available here or from the Busybox website.
from http://benno.id.au/blog/2007/11/14/android-busybox
