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Sunday, 22 October 2017

ubuntu 8.04下使用命令行方式实现无线上网

手头有一块无线网卡,升级到ubuntu8.04之后就再没试过,今天心血来潮又尝试了一下,总算是成功了,特此记录如下。
所有操作参考了linux-wiki.cn上的一篇文章《无线网卡配置
环境
操作系统:ubuntu 8.04.1
型号:TP-LINK TL-WN510G
芯片: Atheros Communications Inc. AR2413 802.11bg NIC (rev 01)
速率:54Mbps
支持协议:802.11g
1.插入无线网卡
查看一下网络设置,看看是否多出来了两个设备
jim@jim-laptop:~$ ifconfig
ath0      Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 00:19:e0:85:73:70
          inet 地址:192.168.1.104  广播:255.255.255.255  掩码:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:953 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:1159 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:0
          接收字节:602879 (588.7 KB)  发送字节:282563 (275.9 KB)
wifi0     Link encap:未指定  硬件地址 00-19-E0-85-73-70-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:18704 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:7185
          发送数据包:2060 错误:6 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:199
          接收字节:2828917 (2.6 MB)  发送字节:351821 (343.5 KB)
          中断:18
只要看见ath0就说明网卡设备设别出来了,ath0就是无线网卡设备的名字了,至于那个wifi0是个什么东东,不好意思,本人才疏学浅不知道。
2.确认无线网卡的型号
jim@jim-laptop:~$ lspci
......
0b:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR2413 802.11bg NIC (rev 01)
上面的 Atheros Communications Inc. AR2413 802.11bg NIC 就是无线网卡芯片的型号了,其中 Atheros是芯片制造商的名字。
3.打开无线网卡电源
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo iwconfig ath0 txpower on
jim@jim-laptop:~$
4.检索区域内的无线网络
jim@jim-laptop:~$ iwlist ath0 scan
ath0      Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: 00:1D:0F:4D:8B:E4
                    ESSID:"TP-LINK"
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
                    Quality=28/70  Signal level=-67 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm
                    Encryption key:off
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                              48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Extra:bcn_int=100
                    Extra:ath_ie=dd0900037f01010008ff7f
          Cell 02 - Address: 00:21:27:3A:37:0A
                    ESSID:"TP-LINK"
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
                    Quality=12/70  Signal level=-83 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                              48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Extra:bcn_int=100
                    Extra:ath_ie=dd0900037f01010008ff7f
          Cell 03 - Address: 00:18:39:A6:98:E2
                    ESSID:"linksys"
                    Mode:Master
                    Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
                    Quality=3/70  Signal level=-92 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm
                    Encryption key:on
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s
                              48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Extra:bcn_int=100
                    IE: WPA Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
我附近有三个无线AP,ESSID所标记的就是无线AP的名字了,其中有两个无线AP都叫做 TP-LINK,另一个叫linksys,记下这几个无线AP的名字,一会得挨个试。
5.连接无线AP
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo iwconfig ath0 essid "linksys"
jim@jim-laptop:~$ ifconfig
不管连上还是连不上都不会给出任何提示,到底连没连上还需要使用命令查看一下才行
ath0      IEEE 802.11g  ESSID:"linksys"  Nickname:""
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.462 GHz  Access Point: Not-Associated
          Bit Rate:0 kb/s   Tx-Power:18 dBm   Sensitivity=1/1
          Retry:off   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=0/70  Signal level=-95 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:8172  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0
上面的黑体字的部分说明没有连接成功,也许是这个AP设置了密码,没关系再换一个就是了。
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo iwconfig ath0 essid "TP-LINK"
jim@jim-laptop:~$ ifconfig
执行后再查看一下接入状态
jim@jim-laptop:~$ iwconfig ath0
ath0      IEEE 802.11g  ESSID:"TP-LINK"  Nickname:""
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: 00:1D:0F:4D:8B:E4
          Bit Rate:36 Mb/s   Tx-Power:18 dBm   Sensitivity=1/1
          Retry:off   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=26/70  Signal level=-69 dBm  Noise level=-95 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:8268  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0
ok,总算是连上了。
注意:如果连接AP需要密码,而你确实也知道AP的密码,那么可以用下面的办法连接
假设密码是 123456789,密码需要四位一组用”-“分开。
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo iwconfig ath0 essid "TP-LINK" key 1234-5678-9
6.启用无线网卡
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo ifconfig ath0 up
7.设置无线网卡采用dhcp方式自动获取ip
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo dhclient ath0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.6
Copyright 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/

wifi0: unknown hardware address type 801
wifi0: unknown hardware address type 801
Listening on LPF/ath0/00:19:e0:85:73:70
Sending on   LPF/ath0/00:19:e0:85:73:70
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6
DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.104 from 192.168.1.1
DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.104 on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK of 192.168.1.104 from 192.168.1.1
bound to 192.168.1.104 -- renewal in 3125 seconds.
现在就可以拔掉网线,使用无线网卡上网了。
8.断开网络
如果需要断开网络,可以使用下面的命令
jim@jim-laptop:~$ sudo ifconfig ath0 down
说实话,linux下用个无线网确实挺麻烦的,不知有没有简单的图形化工具可以使用.

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