Linux的网络命令

1、网卡接口关闭与激活
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown eth0   #关闭网络
[root@localhost ~]# ifup eth0     #启动网络

或

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 down   #关闭网络
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 up     #启动网络

2、网络服务启动与关闭
[root@localhost ~]# service network stop    #关闭网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# service network start   #启动网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart #重启网络服务

或

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network stop
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network start
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart 

3、网卡状态查询
[root@localhost ~]# service network status
Configured devices:
lo eth0
Currently active devices:
lo eth0

4、临时配置网卡IP，重启失效。
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0

或

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.10/24

5、临时添加默认网关

route add default gw 192.168.169.2

6、查看网卡接口信息，默认列出所有接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:13:5D:74
          inet addr:192.168.168.101  Bcast:192.168.169.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe13:5d74/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:413 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:572 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:47701 (46.5 KiB)  TX bytes:64842 (63.3 KiB)
          Base address:0x2000 Memory:d8920000-d8940000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:407 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:407 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:70759 (69.1 KiB)  TX bytes:70759 (69.1 KiB)

7、查看当前路由及网关信息

route –n

或

netstat -r

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ifcfg-ethX的配置

网络接口配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)
TYPE=Ethernet       #网卡类型
DEVICE=eth0         #网卡接口名称
ONBOOT=yes          #系统启动时是否自动加载
BOOTPROTO=static    #启用地址协议 –static:静态协议 –bootp协议 –dhcp协议
IPADDR=192.168.1.11      #网卡IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0    #网卡网络地址
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1      #网卡网关地址
DNS1=10.203.104.41       #网卡DNS地址
HWADDR=00:0C:29:13:5D:74 #网卡设备MAC地址
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255  #网卡广播地址 
重新载入网络配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network reload
Shutting down interface eth0:                             [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                         [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                           [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0:                               [ OK ]